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William Mansfield, 1st Baron Sandhurst

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The Lord Sandhurst
Caricature of Lord Sandhurst sat with crossed arms and legs
Vanity Fair caricature, 1874
Birth nameWilliam Rose Mansfield
Born(1819-06-21)21 June 1819
Ruxley, Kent, United Kingdom
Died23 June 1876(1876-06-23) (aged 57)
London, United Kingdom
Buried
Digswell church, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
AllegianceUnited Kingdom United Kingdom
Service / branch British Army
Years of service1835–1876
RankGeneral
Commands
Awards

General William Rose Mansfield, 1st Baron Sandhurst GCB GCSI PC (Ire) (21 June 1819 – 23 June 1876) was a British military commander who served as Commander-in-Chief of India from 1865 to 1870.

In Bombay now Mumbai, there is local train station named after Baron Sandhurst. Sanhurst Road station in Central Line.

Background and early life

Engraving of Sir William Mansfield
Portrait from the Illustrated London News 13 May 1865

Mansfield was born in Ruxley, Kent, the fifth of the seven sons of John Mansfield of Diggeswell House in Hertfordshire, and his wife, Mary Buchanan Smith, daughter of General Samuel Smith of Baltimore in the United States.[1] His grandfather was the prominent lawyer Sir James Mansfield, Solicitor General from 1780 to 1782 and in 1783 and Chief Justice of the Common Pleas from 1804 to 1814.[1]

In 1854, he married Margaret Fellowes, who became a noted suffragist and spiritualist after his death.

Military career

Mansfield was educated at Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and was commissioned into the 53rd Foot as an ensign in 1835.[1] He was promoted to lieutenant on 31 August 1838 and to captain on 10 February 1843.[2][3] He was mostly active in India and served in the Sutlej campaign of 1845 to 1846.[1] Promoted to major on 3 December 1847, he commanded the 53rd Regiment in the Punjab from 1848 to 1849[1][4] and was employed in the Peshawar operations in 1851 and 1852,[1] receiving promotion to lieutenant-colonel on 9 May 1851 and to colonel on 6 October 1854.[5][6]

In 1855, during the Crimean War, Mansfield was appointed military adviser to the Ambassador at Constantinople Lord Stratford de Redcliff, and accompanied him to the Crimea.[1] He then returned to India and served as Chief-of-Staff during the Indian Mutiny campaign from 1857 to 1859, initially with the local rank of major-general. His role during the Siege of Lucknow in November 1857 saw his appointment Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) in March 1858.[1][7] Promoted to major-general on 18 May 1858, he served as Commander-in-Chief of the Bombay Army from 1860 to 1865 and as Commander-in-Chief, India from 1865 to 1870.[1][8] During this time, he was made Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India (GCSI)[9] and subsequently Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB).[10] Mansfield was then Commander-in-Chief, Ireland from 1870 to 1875.[1] He was promoted to full general on 23 May 1872.[11]

In 1871 he was admitted to the Irish Privy Council[1] and raised to the peerage as Baron Sandhurst, of Sandhurst in the County of Berkshire.[12]

Sandhurst died in London on 23 June 1876, aged 57, and was buried at Digswell church, Hertfordshire.[1] He was succeeded in the Barony by his eldest son William, who was created Viscount Sandhurst in 1917.[1] However, this title became extinct on his death while he was succeeded in the Barony by his younger brother.

Arms

Coat of arms of William Mansfield, 1st Baron Sandhurst
Crest
Out of an Eastern crown Argent a gryphon’s head Sable beaked Or between two branches of laurel Proper.
Escutcheon
Argent on a chevron embattled Azure between three maunches Sable an Eastern crown Or on a chief engrailed of the third a lion of the fourth combatant with a tiger cowed Proper.
Motto
Steadfast [13]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Moreman, T. R. (May 2006). "Mansfield, William Rose, first Baron Sandhurst (1819–1876)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17996. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  2. ^ "No. 19651". The London Gazette. 31 August 1838. p. 1904.
  3. ^ "No. 20195". The London Gazette. 10 February 1843. p. 468.
  4. ^ "No. 20802". The London Gazette. 3 December 1847. p. 4480.
  5. ^ "No. 21207". The London Gazette. 9 May 1851. p. 1222.
  6. ^ "No. 21634". The London Gazette. 28 November 1854. p. 3815.
  7. ^ "No. 22117". The London Gazette. 24 March 1858. p. 1572.
  8. ^ "No. 22140". The London Gazette. 18 May 1858. p. 2454.
  9. ^ "No. 23073". The London Gazette. 20 February 1866. p. 973.
  10. ^ "No. 23616". The London Gazette. 17 May 1870. p. 2585.
  11. ^ "No. 23910". The London Gazette. 18 October 1872. p. 4941.
  12. ^ "No. 23718". The London Gazette. 21 March 1871. p. 1492.
  13. ^ Burke's Peerage. 1949.
Military offices
Preceded by Commander-in-Chief, Bombay Army
1860–1865 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Commander-in-Chief, India
1865–1870 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Commander-in-Chief, Ireland
1870–1875 		Succeeded by
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation Baron Sandhurst
1871–1876 		Succeeded by
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