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AS04

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Adjuvant System 04 or AS04 is a trade name for combination of adjuvants used in various vaccine products by GlaxoSmithKline, in particular the Fendrix hepatitis B vaccine. It is also one of the ingredients of the human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV). Studies of AS04-adjuvanted HPV vaccine showed high and justified immune response against to HPV antigens.[1] Furthermore, patients who took HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine previously showed strong rapid responses upon receiving subsequent doses.[2]

It consists of aluminum hydroxide and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). Furthermore, it is the successor of AS03 which is a squalene based adjuvant approved for pandemic vaccine by the EMA.[3]

The heightened immune response was caused by the MPL component in AS04 which increased NF-kB and cytokine production. The aluminum hydroxide component in AS04 made the response last for a longer period of time.[4] This is the reason why the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine was shown to be more efficient compared to an aluminum salt-adjuvanted formulation with a higher level of antibodies found in the body. [5]

References

  1. ^ Morel, Sandra (2011). "BioDrugs". 25: 217–226. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. ^ Mocicki, A (2012). Vaccine. Vol. 31. pp. 234–241.
  3. ^ Plotkin; et al. (October 2012). Vaccines 6th ed. Elsevier Saunders. pp. 58–79. ISBN 978-1-4557-0090-5.
  4. ^ Didierlaurent, Arnaud M.; Morel, Sandra; Lockman, Laurence; Giannini, Sandra L.; Bisteau, Michel; Carlsen, Harald; Kielland, Anders; Vosters, Olivier; Vanderheyde, Nathalie; Schiavetti, Francesca; Larocque, Daniel (2009-11-15). "AS04, an Aluminum Salt- and TLR4 Agonist-Based Adjuvant System, Induces a Transient Localized Innate Immune Response Leading to Enhanced Adaptive Immunity". The Journal of Immunology. 183 (10): 6186–6197. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0901474. ISSN 0022-1767. PMID 19864596.
  5. ^ Keam, Susan J.; Harper, Diane M. (2008-02-01). "Human Papillomavirus Types 16 and 18 Vaccine (Recombinant, AS04 Adjuvanted Adsorbed) [Cervarix™]". Drugs. 68 (3): 359–372. doi:10.2165/00003495-200868030-00007. ISSN 1179-1950. PMID 18257611. S2CID 39629514.

See also


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