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Charles Kraitsir

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Charles Kraitsir
Károly Krajtsir
Born(1804-01-28)January 28, 1804
Szomolnok, Hungary (today Smolník, Slovakia)
DiedMay 7, 1860(1860-05-07) (aged 56)
Morrisania, New York
Occupation(s)doctor, political activist, philologist
AwardsVirtuti Militari

Charles Kraitsir (born Károly Krajtsir, Polish: Karol Kraitsir; 28 January 1804 in Szomolnok, Hungary – 7 May 1860 in Morrisania, New York) was a Hungarian doctor, Polish independence fighter and émigré activist, and Hungarian-American and Polish-American philologist.

Biography

He graduated at Pest with a degree in medicine in 1828. Afterwards he worked as a doctor in Eperjes.[1]

In January 1831 he went to the Russian Partition of Poland and took an active part in the November Uprising.[1] He was a doctor in the Polish insurgent army, assigned to 9th Infantry Regiment.[1] He spent the entire 1831 campaign with the regiment, and for his contribution was awarded the Order of Virtuti Militari, the highest Polish military decoration.[2] He did not take advantage of an amnesty announced by Emperor Nicholas I of Russia on November 1, 1831, and did not return to Hungary.[2] Instead, he joined the Polish Great Emigration and went to Paris in November 1831.[2] He was a founding member of the Polish National Committee, established in December 1831, and was viewed by committee leader Joachim Lelewel as a link between the committee and the Hungarian people.[3] Kraitsir issued and printed at his own cost a proclamation to the Hungarian people, calling for help for the Polish emigration in Western Europe, which was then smuggled into Hungary.[4] While in France, he maintained contacts with several people in Eperjes, Hungary, and was suspected by the Austrian police of intending to conspire in Hungary.[4] In 1832 he became one of the first members of the Polish Democratic Society, an organization which was formed as a result of a split from the Polish National Committee.[5] He remained its member until he left France for the United States in May 1833.[5]

He emigrated to the United States with the intention of founding a Polish colony, and in 1837/8 he established an academy at Ellicott's Mills, Maryland. Subsequently, he resided in Washington, D.C., and in 1841/2 was principal of the state academy of Maryland, Charlotte's Hall. From 1842 until 1844, he delivered lectures in Boston on philology, and established a school there. Kraitsir maintained contact with Lelewel, as evidenced by letters and notes from 1836, 1838 and 1848.[6]

In 1848 he went to Europe in an attempt to join the Hungarian Revolution of 1848.[6] While in Europe he met up with Lelewel again,[6] but afterward returned to Boston, and in 1851 came to New York State and passed his last years in Morrisania, engaged in literary pursuits.

Literary works

  • The Poles in the United States (Philadelphia, 1836/7)
  • First Book of English
  • Significance of the Alphabet (Boston, 1846)
  • Glossology, being a Treatise on the Nature of Language and on the Language of Nature (New York, 1852)

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Stasik, Florian (1969). "Działalność Karola Kraitsira w czasie powstania listopadowego i na emigracji (1831–1842)". Przegląd Historyczny (in Polish). No. 60/1. p. 115.
  2. ^ a b c Stasik, p. 116
  3. ^ Stasik, p. 116–117
  4. ^ a b Stasik, p. 117
  5. ^ a b Stasik, p. 118
  6. ^ a b c Stasik, p. 120

References

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