John T. Cole

John Tupper Cole
John T. Cole as Colonel during World War II.
Born	(1895-07-23)July 23, 1895 West Point, New York, US
Died	April 24, 1975(1975-04-24) (aged 79) Denville, New Jersey, US
Buried	Arlington National Cemetery
Allegiance	United States
Service / branch	United States Army
Years of service	1917-1953
Rank	Brigadier General
Unit	Cavalry Branch
Commands	3rd Armored Division 2nd Cavalry Regiment
Battles / wars	World War I Meuse-Argonne Offensive World War II Invasion of Normandy Rhineland Campaign Central European Campaign Korean War
Awards	Silver Star Legion of Merit Bronze Star Medal (5) Purple Heart

John Tupper Cole (July 23, 1895 – April 24, 1975) was a highly decorated officer in the United States Army with the rank of Brigadier General. A graduate of the United States Military Academy and veteran of both World Wars, he is most noted for his service as Colonel and Commanding officer, Combat Command B, 5th Armored Division during combats on the Western Front.

Following the War, he remained in the Army and rose to the rank of Brigadier general and served as Chief, United States Military Assistance Advisory Group in Thailand during the Korean War and completed his career as Acting commanding general, 3rd Armored Division.

Early years

John T. Cole was born on July 23, 1895, at West Point, New York as the son of Cavalry Colonel James A. Cole and Marry Tupper, daughter of Major Tullius Tupper, also a Cavalryman and West Point graduate. Following high school, John followed his father's footsteps and received an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York in summer 1913. During his time at the academy, he captained the basketball team and was also active on the football team.

He was a member of the class which produced more than 55 future general officers, including two Army Chiefs of Staff – Joseph L. Collins and Matthew B. Ridgway. Other classmates include: Clare H. Armstrong, Aaron Bradshaw Jr., Mark W. Clark, Norman D. Cota, John M. Devine, William W. Eagles, Theodore L. Futch, Charles H. Gerhardt, Augustus M. Gurney, Ernest N. Harmon, William Kelly Harrison Jr., Robert W. Hasbrouck, Frederick A. Irving, Laurence B. Keiser, Charles S. Kilburn, Bryant E. Moore, Daniel Noce, Onslow S. Rolfe, Herbert N. Schwarzkopf, Albert C. Smith, George D. Wahl, Raymond E. S. Williamson, and George H. Weems.

Cole graduated with Bachelor of Science degree on April 20, 1917, shortly following the United States' entry into World War I and was commissioned second lieutenant in the Cavalry Branch. He completed his basic training at Fort Sam Houston, Texas, while attached to 3rd Cavalry Regiment and embarked for France. His regiment was tasked with the operation of three major horse remount depots. The three squadrons were charged with the purchase of horses, mules and forage, the care, conditioning, and training of remounts before issue, and the distribution and issue of remounts to the American Expeditionary Force.

He was later consecutively promoted to first lieutenant and Captain and participated in the support operations of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in late 1918. Following the Armistice, Cole was transferred to the Tank Corps of the American Expeditionary Forces and appointed an instructor at the tank school at Bourg. During his service with Tank Corps in World War I, he met and befriended George S. Patton.

Interwar period

Following his return to the United States, he served with 3rd Cavalry until summer 1922, when he entered the Troop Officers' Course at Army Cavalry School at Fort Riley, Kansas and graduated one year later. Cole then rejoined 3rd Cavalry for a brief period, but subsequently was ordered to the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York as Tactical officer and Instructor in equitation.

Cole spent four years in this capacity and returned to the Army Cavalry School at Fort Riley, Kansas in May 1929 for Troop Officers' advanced course, which he completed in June 1929. He then entered the Cavalry School Advanced Equitation Course, which he completed in May 1930.

He then joined the Army Horse Show Team and the U. S. Olympic Equestrian Team and was reserve rider during the 1932 Summer Olympics. Captain Cole remained with the Equestrian teams until 1934 and joined 7th Cavalry Regiment as Commander of the 2nd Squadron. He was garrisoned with that unit at Fort Bliss, Texas until June 1937, when he entered the Army Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas and graduated one year later.

Upon the graduation, he was assigned to the 2nd Cavalry Regiment at Fort Riley, Kansas and served as Regimental Executive Officer until April 1941, when he succeeded another brilliant equestrian, Harry Chamberlin in command of the regiment. Cole was promoted to the rank of Colonel at that time.

World War II

Following the United States entry into World War II, Cole was transferred to the Armored Force in July 1942 and assigned to the 5th Armored Division that October. He later assumed command of 81st Armor Regiment and remained in command of that outfit until September 1943, when he was ordered to Pine Camp, New York to rejoin the 5th Armored Division.

Cole was subsequently appointed Commanding officer, Combat Command B, a combined brigade size unit of tanks, armored infantry, armored field artillery battalions and engineer units. He embarked with the division for France in June 1944 and landed on Utah Beach on July 24. He led his unit during the last phase of Invasion of Normandy and Combat Command B participated in the combats near Argentan and Dreux.

The Combat Command B (CCB) cleared the enemy between the Eure and Seine Rivers and streaked north through the Compiegne Forest to the Belgian border at Conde. Following a fighting in Luxembourg, Cole's troops were the first Allied units to cross the German border, when a small patrol from Troop B, 85th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron crossed the Our River boundary at Stalzemburg at on September 11, 1944.

Cole then led the CCB during the fighting in the pillbox area beyond Wallendorf in order to draw large German forces from the Aachen area. The CCB then capture the city of Rheindahlen in February 1945 and stopped at the Elbe river on April 13, 1945. During that period, CCB participated in the total destruction of Panzer Division Clausewitz.

For his leadership of Combat Command B throughout the War, Cole was decorated Silver Star, Legion of Merit, five Bronze Star Medals and Purple Heart for wounds sustained in combat. The Allies awarded him with several decorations including Legion of Honor, French Croix de guerre 1939-1945 with Palm, Belgian Croix de Guerre or Luxembourg War Cross (see below for complete list).

Postwar career

After a period of occupation duty in Germany, Tupper returned to the United States and became Chief of Staff, later interim Commanding Officer of the Military District of Washington (as a colonel). While in this capacity, he was responsible for the defense of National Capital Region including The Pentagon and for the ceremonial tasks of the district.

Cole was promoted to the rank of Brigadier general in mid-1950 and appointed U.S. member to the Security Council of the United Nations. In September that year, he was ordered to Bangkok, Thailand and tasked with the organization of the United States Military Assistance Advisory Group. Cole served as the Chief of Advisory Group during the Korean War and helped to train the Thai Armed Forces for combat deployment. He also served as an observer of Thai troops in Korea. For his part in this assignment, Cole was decorated with the Order of the White Elephant by the Government of Thailand.

He later returned to the United States and served as Assistant Division Commander, 3rd Armored Division, which was tasked with the training of replacement tank units during Korean War. Cole also served as Acting division commander from November to December 1952 and retired in mid-1953.

Retirement

Following his retirement from the Army after almost 36 years, Cole settled in Huntington Bay, New York, where he built a house. He was nomited for Supervisor of Huntington Township by the United Citizens Party and was active in the United States Armor Association and enjoyed Golf. Cole later served as Director of the National Horse Show and was decorated from the Swedish Government for his work in connection with the equestrian Olympic events in Stockholm in 1956.

Brigadier general John T. Cole died on April 24, 1975, aged 79, in Denville, New Jersey and was buried with full military honors at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia. His wife Janet MacKay Cole is buried beside him. They had together a son and a daughter.

Decorations

Here is Brigadier general Cole's ribbon bar:

1st Row	Silver Star								Legion of Merit
2nd Row	Bronze Star Medal with Four Oak Leaf Clusters				Army Commendation Medal				Purple Heart				World War I Victory Medal with two Battle Clasps
3rd Row	American Defense Service Medal				American Campaign Medal				European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with four 3/16 inch service stars				World War II Victory Medal
4th Row	Army of Occupation Medal				National Defense Service Medal				Korean Service Medal				Knight of the Legion of Honor (France)
5th Row	French Croix de guerre 1939-1945 with Palm				Officer of the Order of Leopold (Belgium)				Belgian Croix de Guerre with Palm				Officer of the Order of Adolphe of Nassau (Luxembourg)
6th Row	Luxembourg War Cross				Knight of the Order of Orange-Nassau (the Netherlands)				Knight Commander of the Order of the White Elephant (Thailand)				United Nations Korea Medal

See also

• 3rd Armored Division (United States)