Khoirabari massacre
| Khoirabari massacre | |
|---|---|
  | |
| Location | Khoirabari, Darrang district, Assam, India |
| Date | 7 February 1983 At night (UTC+5:30) |
| Target | Bengali Hindus |
Attack type | Massacre |
| Weapons | Guns, spears, swords, scythes, bows and arrows[citation needed] |
| Deaths | 100–500 |
| Injured | 100–200 |
| Perpetrators | Indigenous Assamese mobs |
The Khoirabari massacre was an ethnic massacre of an estimated 100[1] to 500[2][3] immigrant Bengalis in the Khoirabari area of Assam, India, on 7 February 1983.[1][4] Activists of the Assam Agitation sought to block an assembly election that day and had cut communications to the Bengali enclaves, which were perceived to be pro-election. Indigenous Assamese groups, who had held resentments toward the immigrant Bengalis, took advantage of the resulting isolation and surrounded and attacked the Bengali villages at night.[citation needed]
News surrounding the massacre was not reported for two weeks.[5] Journalist Shekhar Gupta reported a top Assam police officer admitting that the Assam police were preoccupied with the exaggerated news of the massacre of the Assamese people in Gohpur, and that they failed to take proper action in Khoirabari on time.[5]
Background
Khoirabari became an immigrant Bengali Hindu settlement in the Mangaldoi sub-division of the Darrang district,[6] situated about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of the town Mangaldoi.[6] Prior to the Partition of India, the Khoirabari area was inhabited by Bengali-speaking Muslims of eastern Bengal origin ie Bangladesh. Following the Partition, the Bengali-speaking Muslims left for East Pakistan and the Bengali Hindu refugees from East Pakistan settled on the abandoned lands vacated by the Muslims.[1] The Bengali Hindu refugee settlers, however, were not given pattas (a document certifying the ownership of the land).[7] In 1983, there was an enclave of hundreds of immigrant Bengali Hindus refugees living in a cluster of villages in the Khoirabari area, surrounded by Indigenous Assamese villages. For years there had been resentment between them and the native Assamese.[1]
Massacre
The first phase of polling of assembly election was scheduled for 14 February 1983.[8] The activists of the Assam Agitation were opposed to the elections and viewed the non-Assamese immigrant pockets as pro-election. The communication links to the non-Assamese immigrant pockets were cut. As a result, the Central Reserve Police Force and the polling agents could not be sent to Khoirabari.[7] Taking advantage of the situation, native Assamese mobs surrounded and attacked the isolated immigrant Bengali Hindu refugee villages at night. According to veteran Assamese journalist Sabita Goswami, the immigrant Bengali Hindus had taken shelter at the Khoirabari School,[9] where the indigenous Assamese mob attacked them.[9] According to Indian Police Service officer E.M. Rammohun, more than one hundred immigrant Bengali Hindus refugees were killed in the massacre.[1] According to journalist Shekhar Gupta, more than 500 immigrant Bengali Hindus were killed.[2] The survivors took shelter in the Khoirabari railway station[1][7] until the elections were over.[7] After the elections, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Assam Chief Minister Hiteshwar Saikia visited the Khoirabari relief camp.[10] Ramakrishna Mission did relief work among the survivors at the camp.[11]
Aftermath
Following the massacre, K. S. Sudarshan and other leaders of Hindu nationalist group Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) approached Gupta to understand why so many immigrant Bengali Hindus were massacred by the indigenous Assamese communities.[12] The RSS leadership considered the Bengali Hindus "unprotected" and did not expect the native Assamese to kill their coreligionists. Gupta explained the ethnic and linguistic fault lines that lay behind the massacre, which were so deep that the perpetrators did not distinguish between Hindus and Muslims. This was actually a cause of indigenous and native sentiment of the original inhabitants the Assamese for their survival under the threat of Bengali-speaking immigrants whether it be Hindu or Muslim.[12]
In February 2018, the Compensation-demand Committee of Dead People in the Assam Movement took up the cause of the immigrant Bengali Hindu victims of the massacres in Khoirabari and Goreswar in 1983. It demanded martyr status for the victims and compensation for the families.[13][14] Rangiya legislator Bhabesh Kalita acknowledged the massacre and assured that the victims' families would get compensation.[13][14]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f Rammohan, E. N. (2005). Insurgent Frontiers: Essays from the Troubled Northeast. India Research Press. ISBN 978-81-87943-80-8.
- ^ a b Gupta, Shekhar (1984). Assam: A Valley Divided. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-7069-2537-1. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
- ^ Barpujari, H. K. (1998). North-East India: Problems, Policies, and Prospects : Since Independence. Spectrum Publication. p. 63. ISBN 978-81-85319-81-0. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
- ^ Sarma, Diganta. ১৯৮৩-ৰ অসমত নিপীড়িত বাঙালি (in Assamese). Jorhat: Ekalabya Prakashan.
- ^ a b Gupta, Shekhar (1984). Assam: A Valley Divided. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House. pp. 14–15. ISBN 978-0-7069-2537-1. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
- ^ a b Rammohun, E. M. (2012). Countering Insurgencies in India: An Insider's View. Vij Books India. p. 36. ISBN 978-93-81411-66-7. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
- ^ a b c d Rammohan, E. N. (2005). Simply Khaki. Indialog Publications. pp. 98–99. ISBN 978-81-87981-78-7. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
- ^ Dutta, Dilip (1991). Koncha-Bindha Buranji (খোঁচাবিন্ধা বুৰঞ্জী). Asomi Prakashan, Guwahati-1. pp. 19–26, 31–88.
- ^ a b Goswami, Sabita (2014). Along the Red River: A Memoir. Zubaan. p. 154. ISBN 978-93-83074-26-6. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
- ^ Daily Report: South Asia. Vol. 84. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1983. p. 8. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
- ^ Awakened India. Vol. 90. Swami Smaranananda. 1985. p. 522. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
- ^ a b Gupta, Shekhar (4 August 2018). "Amit Shah & Modi are playing with a fire that doesn't distinguish between Muslim & Hindu". ThePrint.in. ThePrint. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
- ^ a b "'Bengalis are also a part of greater Assamese society'". The Sentinel. Omega Printers and Publishers. 19 February 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
- ^ a b "Compensation for Hindu Bengali martyrs of Assam Movement demanded". The Assam Tribune. 26 February 2018. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2018.