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Scarabaeus

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This article is about the insect. For the computer game, see Scarabaeus (computer game).

Scarabaeus
Scarabaeus pius
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Family: Scarabaeidae
Subfamily: Scarabaeinae
Tribe: Scarabaeini
Genus: Scarabaeus
Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms
  • Drepanopodus Janssens, 1940
  • Actinophorus Creutzer, 1799
  • Madateuchus Paulian, 1953
  • Mnematidium Ritsema, 1883
  • Mnematium MacLeay, 1821
  • Neateuchus Gillet, 1911
  • Neomnematium Janssens, 1938
  • Neopachysoma Ferreira, 1953
  • Sebasteos Westwood, 1847[1]

The genus Scarabaeus consists of a number of Afro-Eurasian dung beetle species, including the "sacred scarab beetle", Scarabaeus sacer and is the namesake of the tribe Scarabaeini, the family Scarabaeidae, the superfamily Scarabaeoidea and the infraorder Scarabaeiformia. These beetles feed exclusively on dung, which they accomplish by rolling a piece of dung some distance from where it was deposited, and burying it in order to feed on it underground. They also prepare food for their larvae by excavating an underground chamber, and filling it with balls that have eggs laid in them. The growing larva feeds upon the dung ball, pupates, and eventually emerges as an adult.[2]

A "scarabaeus" is also a now outdated term (OED 2) for an object in the form of a scarab beetle in art. The scarab was a popular form of amulet in Ancient Egypt,[3] and in ancient Greek art engraved gems were often carved as scarabs on the rest of the stone behind the main flattish face, which was used for sealing documents.[4]

A creature identified as Scarabaeus appears in "The Gold-Bug" by Edgar Allan Poe,[5] and a poem entitled "Scarabæus sisyphus" was created by Mathilde Blind.[6]

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Subgenera and species

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The following subgenera are accepted in BioLib:

  1. Ateuchetus Bedel, 1892
  2. Escarabaeus Zídek & Pokorny, 2011
  3. Kheper Janssens, 1940
  4. Mnematidium Ritsema, 1888
  5. Pachylosoma Zídek & Pokorný, 2008
  6. Pachysoma MacLeay, 1821
  7. Scarabaeolus Balthasar, 1965
  8. Scarabaeus Linnaeus, 1758
  9. incertae sedis
All species

[1][7][8][9]

References

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  1. ^ a b Biolib
  2. ^ Fabre, J. Henri. "The Sacred Beetle and Others. Dodd, Mead, New York, 1918".
  3. ^ Pat Remler (2010). "Scarab beetle". Egyptian Mythology A to Z (3rd ed.). Infobase Publishing. pp. 169–171. ISBN 978-1-60413-926-6.
  4. ^ C. Elkins A Greek Scarab with a Centaur in the Getty Museum The J. Paul Getty Museum Journal Volume 13 1985
  5. ^ Poestories
  6. ^ Classic poets
  7. ^ Catalogue of Life
  8. ^ NCBI
  9. ^ Fauna europaea Archived 2012-05-30 at the Wayback Machine
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