Marianne Woods
Marianne Woods | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1781 |
| Died | 1870 |
| Occupation | Schoolteacher |
| Known for | Libel case in Edinburgh in 1811 |
Marianne Woods (1781 – 1870) was an English woman who opened a girls' school in Drumsheugh Gardens, Edinburgh in the autumn on 1809[1] and who became involved in a court case as a result of being accused of lesbianism[2] with the co-founder of the school, Jane Pirie (1779–1833).
Her accuser was Jane Cumming, a pupil of mixed race, and a granddaughter of Lady Helen Cumming Gordon, who alleged that the two women "engaged in irregular sexual practices"[3] and "lewd and indecent behaviour."[4] Jane Cumming was the first pupil to leave the school, and within forty-eight hours, all the other pupils left as well.[1][5] Lady Cumming Gordon spread rumours of these allegations and the school was forced to close in November 1810,[1] depriving Woods and Pirie, both in their 20s, of their good names and only means of support.[1]
"I am utterly ignorant of what was laid to my charge and I am not conscious of anything," Marianne Woods told one mother.[5]
Marianne Woods and Jane Pirie sued Lady Cumming Gordon for libel and the case went to court on 15 March 1811.[5] Despite winning the case in 1812, the case was appealed to the House of Lords over the level of the damages, which ultimately dismissed the appeal years later in 1819.[1] The pair had successfully claimed £10,000 from their wealthy accuser. Yet they were financially ruined as they received no more than £1000 each after legal fees.[5]
Although Marianne Woods obtained employment in London, at Camden House Academy where she had previously taught,[3] Jane Pirie stayed in Edinburgh and was unable to find employment, and "possibly had a nervous breakdown."
The story of the court case was the inspiration for Lillian Hellman's 1934 play The Children's Hour.[3]
References
- ^ a b c d e Friedman, Geraldine (January 2005). "School for Scandal: Sexuality, Race, and National Vice and Virtue in Miss Marianne Woods and Miss Jane Pirie Against Lady Helen Cumming Gordon". Nineteenth-Century Contexts. 27 (1): 53–76. doi:10.1080/08905490500133113. ISSN 0890-5495. S2CID 159898672.
- ^ Haggerty, George; Zimmerman, Bonnie (1999). Encyclopedia of Lesbian and Gay Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia. Gay histories and cultures. Vol. 2. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780815333548.
- ^ a b c Ewan, Elizabeth, ed. (2018). The new biographical dictionary of Scottish women. Edinburgh. ISBN 9781474436298. OCLC 1057237368.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Zimmerman, Bonnie (21 August 2013). Encyclopedia of Lesbian Histories and Cultures. Routledge. ISBN 9781136787508.
- ^ a b c d "Drumsheugh: Lesbian sex row rocked society". The Scotsman. 25 February 2009. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
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