Smilax glyciphylla
| Sweet sarsaparilla | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Liliales |
| Family: | Smilacaceae |
| Genus: | Smilax |
| Species: | S. glyciphylla
|
| Binomial name | |
| Smilax glyciphylla | |
Smilax glyciphylla, the sweet sarsaparilla, is a dioecious climber native to eastern Australia. It is widespread in rainforest, sclerophyll forest and woodland; mainly in coastal regions.
The leaves are distinctly three-veined with a glaucous under-surface, lanceolate, 4–10 cm long by 1.5–4 cm wide. Coiling tendrils are up to 8 cm long. The globose berries are 5–8 mm in diameter, black with a singular seed.[1]
Uses
The fruit is edible. The sweet flavoured leaves are used medicinally[2] by Indigenous people and non-Indigenous colonists, including as a tea substitute.[3]
It was used medicinally in the earliest days of the colony of Port Jackson for treating scurvy, coughs and chest complaints. In correspondence to England in November 1788, Dennis Considen wrote: "I have sent you some of the sweet tea of this country which I recommended and is generally used by the marines and convicts as such it is a fair antiscorbutic as well as a substitute for tea which is more costly."[4]
It was recommended as a tea alternative, tonic and antiscorbutic, and was still being traded at least up until the late 19th century by Sydney herbalists.[5] It is claimed to have similar properties to Jamaican sarsaparilla, Smilax regelii.
The leaves, stems, and flowers contain the glycoside glyciphyllin, which has a bitter-sweet taste and may be the active medicinal component.[6][7][8]
Recent research shows that S. glyciphylla has antioxidant activity.[9]
Gallery
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Leaves of Smilax glyciphylla showing three prominent veins. Drawing Room Rocks Track, near Berry, NSW.
References
- ^ Smilax glyciphylla plant profile, PlantNET
- ^ Lassak, E.V., & McCarthy, T., Australian Medicinal Plants, Methuan Australia, pp91-92, 1983, ISBN 0-454-00438-9.
- ^ White, J., Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales, 1790
- ^ Copy of letter received by Dr Anthony Hamiltion, from Dennis Considen, 18 November 1788, and sent onto Joseph Banks.[1] archived from the original 13 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Maiden, J.H., The Useful Plants of Australia, 1889, p203.
- ^ Rennie, E.H., Glyciphyllin, the sweet principle of Smilax glyciphylla, Journal of the Chemical Society Journal Transactions, 49, 1886.
- ^ Maiden, J.H., The Useful Plants of Australia, 1889, p203-204.
- ^ Hegnauer, R., Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen, vol. 2, Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, 1963.
- ^ Cox, S.D., Jayasinghea, K.C., and Markhama, J.L., Antioxidant activity in Australian native sarsaparilla (Smilax glyciphylla), Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Vol. 101, Issues 1-3, 3 October 2005, pp162-168.