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John W. Bowen (U.S. Army general)

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John W. Bowen
Black and white photo of Lieutenant General John W. Bowen, probably while commanding XVIII Airborne Corps in 1964
Bowen as a lieutenant general, probably while commanding XVIII Airborne Corps in 1964
Born(1910-07-03)July 3, 1910
Pettit Barracks, Zamboanga City, Philippines
DiedAugust 18, 1977(1977-08-18) (aged 67)
San Francisco, California, U.S.
Buried
San Francisco National Cemetery
ServiceOrganized Reserve Corps
United States Army
Years of service1927–1928 (Reserve)
1932–1968 (Army)
RankLieutenant General
Service numberO18904[1]
UnitU.S. Army Infantry Branch
CommandsCompany I, 25th Infantry Regiment
Company A, 27th Infantry Regiment
Company A, 26th Infantry Regiment
3rd Battalion, 26th Infantry Regiment
26th Infantry Regiment
82nd Airborne Division
Third United States Army
XVIII Airborne Corps
WarsWorld War II
Korean War
AwardsArmy Distinguished Service Medal (4)
Silver Star (2)
Legion of Merit
Bronze Star Medal
Croix de Guerre (France)
Order of Military Merit (South Korea)
Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation
Combat Infantryman Badge
Senior Parachutist Badge
Alma materGeorgia Military Academy
United States Military Academy
National War College
Spouse(s)
Elizabeth Whitthorne Judd
​
​
(m. 1933⁠–⁠1960)​

Renée Victoria de Marguenat
​
​
(m. 1961⁠–⁠1977)​
Children2
Other workChief of Administrative Services, Golden Gate Regional Center

John W. Bowen (July 3, 1910 – August 18, 1977) was a career officer in the United States Army. A veteran of World War II and the Korean War, he served in the Organized Reserve Corps from 1927 to 1928, and in the army from 1932 to 1968, and he attained the rank of lieutenant general. His commands included the 26th Infantry Regiment (1943), 82nd Airborne Division (1956–1957), Third United States Army (1964), and XVIII Airborne Corps (1964–1965). Among his awards and decorations were four awards of the Army Distinguished Service Medal, Silver Star (2), Legion of Merit, Bronze Star Medal, Croix de Guerre (France), Order of Military Merit (South Korea), Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation, Combat Infantryman Badge, and Senior Parachutist Badge.

Early life

Bowen's senior class photo from the 1932 West Point yearbook

John William Bowen was born at Pettit Barracks in Zamboanga City, Philippines on July 3, 1910, the son of Colonel Burton E. Bowen and Edith (Moore) Bowen.[2][3] He was educated at various military posts as his family traveled for his father's career, including Oak Park, Illinois, and he graduated from Georgia Military Academy (later known as Woodward Academy) as valedictorian in 1928.[3][4][5] Bowen joined the Organized Reserve Corps as a private in 1927, and served until beginning attendance at the United States Military Academy (West Point).[6]

Bowen's status as a military preparatory school honor graduate enabled him to obtain a 1928 at-large appointment to West Point, and he graduated in 1932 ranked 253 of 262.[3][7] He received his commission as a second lieutenant and was assigned to the Infantry Branch.[7]

Start of career

After receiving his commission, Bowen was assigned to the 20th Infantry Regiment at Fort Francis E. Warren, Wyoming.[7] He was promoted to first lieutenant in 1935, and served at Fort Warren until 1936.[7] From August 1936 to June 1937, he attended the Infantry Officers Course, after which he was assigned to command Company I, 25th Infantry Regiment at Fort Huachuca, Arizona.[7][8]

From September to November 1937, Bowen served on temporary duty at Fort Sam Houston, Texas as commander of a truck company in the motorized quartermaster battalion of the experimental 2nd Infantry Division as it developed doctrine for mechanized units configured as triangular divisions.[7] In January 1939, Bowen departed for Schofield Barracks, Hawaii, where he commanded Company A, 27th Infantry Regiment.[7] He was promoted to captain in September 1940.[9]

Continued career

Bowen as a lieutenant colonel, probably while serving as Secretary of the Army General Staff in 1948

Bowen was in command of his company when the United States entered World War II, and he was promoted to major on February 1, 1942.[9] He served as executive officer of 3rd Battalion, 26th Infantry Regiment until September, when he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and assigned to command the battalion.[9] He was in command during Operation Torch in late 1942, when his battalion was part of the U.S. force that attacked Oran, Algeria, then occupied by Vichy France and Nazi Germany.[9] In March 1943, he assumed command of the 26th Infantry Regiment, and in April he was promoted to colonel.[9] Bowen led the regiment during the Tunisian campaign and Allied invasion of Sicily, then moved to England, where the regiment reorganized and retrained in anticipation of taking part in the June 1944 Normandy landings.[9]

Bowen became ill while in England, which required a sustained period of convalescence, so in December 1943 he returned to the United States, where he was hospitalized until May 1944.[9] After recovering, he joined the Operations section of the general staff at the War Department, where he served until May 1945, when he was assigned to the Office of the Military Aide to the President.[9] In November 1945, Bowen was assigned as Secretary of the Army General Staff.[9] In July 1948, he reverted to his permanent rank of lieutenant colonel.[9]

As a result of his wartime service, Bowen received equivalent credit for completion of the United States Army Command and General Staff College and Armed Forces Staff College.[10] In August 1948, he began attendance at the National War College, from which he graduated in June 1949.[9] Bowen was then assigned as Plans and Operations staff officer for United States Caribbean Command, where he served from 1948 to 1951.[10] He was promoted to permanent colonel in September 1950.[9] From 1951 to 1953, Bowen was an instructor at the National War College.[9]

Later career

Autographed photo of Bowen as deputy commander of Continental Army Command, circa 1963

In 1953, Bowen was assigned to Korean War duty as deputy chief of staff for administration (G-1) for Eighth United States Army in South Korea, and he was promoted to brigadier general in October 1953.[9][10] From 1955 to 1956 he served as assistant chief of staff (J-3) for the U.S. Far East Command.[10] In 1956, he served as assistant division commander of the 101st Airborne Division.[10]

In September 1956, Bowen was assigned as commanded of the 82nd Airborne Division, and he was promoted to major general in December.[11][12] In October 1957, Bowen was assigned to the army staff as assistant chief of staff for Reserve Components.[10] In 1961, he was appointed director of the Military Assistance Division at United States European Command in Paris.[10]

In 1963, Bowen was promoted to lieutenant general and appointed deputy commander of Continental Army Command.[10] He acted as commander of Third United States Army in 1964, and from 1964 to 1965 he commanded XVIII Airborne Corps.[3] From 1965 until his 1968 retirement, Bowen was chief of staff for U.S. European Command.[3]

Retirement and death

Bowen (left) at his 1968 retirement ceremony, escorted by General James K. Woolnough

In retirement, Bowen was a resident of San Francisco, and later of Tiburon, California, and was the longtime head of administrative services for Golden Gate Regional Center, a San Francisco social services agency.[3] He died in San Francisco on August 18, 1977.[3] Bowen was buried at San Francisco National Cemetery.[3]

Awards and decorations

Military awards

Bowen's awards and decorations included: Army Distinguished Service Medal with three oak leaf clusters; Silver Star with oak leaf cluster; Legion of Merit; Bronze Star Medal; Croix de Guerre (France); Order of Military Merit (South Korea); Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation; Combat Infantryman Badge; and Senior Parachutist Badge.[3]

Civilian awards

In 1967, Bowen received Woodward Academy's Outstanding Alumni of the Year award.[3]

Family

In 1933, Bowen married Elizabeth Whitthorne Judd (d. 2001), who was a well-known landscape painter.[13][14] They were the parents of two daughters, Elizabeth and Evelyn.[14] John and Elizabeth Bowen divorced around 1960,[a] and in 1961, he married Renée Victoria de Marguenat, who survived him.[3]

Notes

  1. ^ Sources from the late 1950s indicated that John and Elizabeth Bowen were still married.[9][15] John Bowen remarried in 1961, which places his divorce from his first wife in the 1958 to 1960 timeframe.[3]

References

  1. ^ U.S. Army Adjutant General (1944). Official U.S. Army Register. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 94 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ Page, Henry, U.S. Army surgeon (July 3, 1910). "U.S. Carded Birth Records in Military Hospitals, 1884-1916, Entry for John William Bowen". Ancestry.com. Lehi, UT: Ancestry.com LLC. Retrieved May 14, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Zitzman, Ken (December 1978). "Obituary, John William Bowen". Assembly. West Point, NY: Association of Graduates, USMA. pp. 117–118 – via Google Books.
  4. ^ "Eight Chicago Boys Start First Year At West Point". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, IL. July 23, 1928. p. 15 – via Newspapers.com.
  5. ^ Parish, Helen; Parish, Olive (May 29, 1928). "Commencement Exercise at G. M. A. In Full Swing". The Constitution. Atlanta, GA. p. 24 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. ^ Committee on Armed Services, U.S. House of Representatives (1959). Hearing Record on Amendments to Reserve Forces Personnel Act: Biographies of Members of the Reserve Forces Policy Board; John W. Bowen. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 1987 – via Google Books.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Cullum, George W. (1940). Farman, Elbert E. (ed.). Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. Vol. VIII. Chicago, IL, Crawfordsville, IN: E. E. Donnelly & Sons Company, The Lakeside Press. p. 982 – via West Point Digital Library.
  8. ^ "25th Infantry To March In Parade". Arizona Daily Star. Tucson, AZ. November 10, 1938. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "General Bowen In Operations". The Leaf-Chronicle. Clarksville, TN. September 21, 1956. p. 2-B – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h Smith, Clarence T., ed. (September 1, 1963). "Maj Gen Bowen Chosen for 3 Stars as CONARC CG" (PDF). Army Research and Development. Washington, DC: U.S. Army Office of the Chief, Research and Development. p. 12.
  11. ^ "Division Commander— Brigadier General John W. Bowen". The Charlotte Observer. Charlotte, NC. September 25, 1956. p. 5-A – via Newspapers.com.
  12. ^ "Gets 2nd Star". The Charlotte Observer. Charlotte, NC. December 5, 1956. p. D-1 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ^ "Miss Elizabeth Judd Weds Lieut. John William Bowen". The Huntsville Times. Huntsville, AL. August 3, 1933. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
  14. ^ a b "Obituary, Elizabeth Judd Bowen". San Francisco Chronicle. San Francisco, CA. December 21, 2001. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
  15. ^ "Military Convoy To Pass Through City Tomorrow". Montgomery Advertiser. Montgomery, AL. March 20, 1957. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.
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