Elizabeth A. Gloucester
Elizabeth Amelia Gloucester (née Parkhill; 1817 – August 9, 1883) was one of the wealthiest black women in America at the time of her death and was a supporter of the Underground Railroad and a business owner.[1]
Biography
She was born in 1817 in Richmond, Virginia, as Elizabeth Amelia Parkhill to a freedwoman. Little is known about her father, but census records listed that she was "mulatto" which implies she might have had a white father. When her mother died when she was still young, she went to live with Rev. John Gloucester Sr.[2] and she married his youngest son, James Gloucester in 1838.[1]
Gloucester ran 15 boarding homes in New York and they lived in Brooklyn from 1855. Her husband founded the Siloam Presbyterian Church[3] and she helped to pay for the building of the church.[3] They hosted abolitionist John Brown and she contributed to his causes.[1] She purchased the Hamilton Club and turned it into an upscale boarding house called the Remsen House.[2] She hosted Fredrick Douglass, John Brown and many others at the house and held meetings for the Freedman's Friend Society, Ladies National Union Fair and Union Soldier Association.[4]
Through the church, the Gloucesters carried out their abolitionist convictions by making it a stop on the Underground Railroad.[2][3][5]
She led the efforts to raise money for the Colored Orphan's Asylum in Weeksville, Brooklyn which was founded in 1866.[6]
Gloucester died on August 9, 1883, of pneumonia.[5] In her obituary, The Eagle wrote "She came to be known to every one in Brooklyn, New York, the State and in fact throughout a great part of the country." She had six children: Emma, Stephen, Elizabeth, Eloise, Charles and Adelaide.[2] At the time of her death, Gloucester's properties were worth about $300,000, today's 7 million dollars. Newspapers all reported that she was "the remarkable colored woman."[4]
References
- ^ a b c "Overlooked No More: Elizabeth A. Gloucester, 'Richest' Black Woman and Ally of John Brown". The New York Times. September 18, 2019. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
- ^ a b c d Nielsen, Euell A. (June 17, 2015). "Elizabeth A. Parkhill Gloucester (1817-1883)". Retrieved April 23, 2020.
- ^ a b c Morris), Suzanne Spellen (aka Montrose (October 9, 2012). "Walkabout: The Gloucester Family of Brooklyn, Part 1". Brownstoner. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
- ^ a b "Remsen House, Owned and Operated by". Black Then. June 10, 2018. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
- ^ a b Morris), Suzanne Spellen (aka Montrose (October 11, 2012). "Walkabout: The Gloucester Family of Brooklyn, Part 2". Brownstoner. Retrieved April 23, 2020.
- ^ Genaro, Teresa. ""Overlooked No More": Elizabeth Gloucester". Brooklyn Heights Blog. Retrieved April 23, 2020.