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Leroy Jenkins (musician)

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Leroy Jenkins
Jenkins in the 1980s
Background information
Born(1932-03-11)March 11, 1932
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
DiedFebruary 24, 2007(2007-02-24) (aged 74)
New York City, U.S.
GenresContemporary classical music, Avant-garde jazz
Occupation(s)Composer, musician
Instrument(s)Violin, Viola
Years active1960s–2007
LabelsIndia Navigation, Black Saint; Pi Recordings[1]

Leroy Jenkins (March 11, 1932[2] – February 24, 2007)[3] was an American composer and violinist/violist.

Early life

Jenkins was born in Chicago, Illinois, United States.[2] As a youth, he lived with his sister, his mother, two aunts, his grandmother, and, on occasions, a boarder, in a three-bedroom apartment.[4] Jenkins was immersed in music from an early age, and recalled listening to Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, and singers such as Billy Eckstine and Louis Jordan.[5] When Jenkins was around eight years old, one of his aunts brought home a boyfriend who played the violin. After hearing him play a difficult Hungarian dance, Jenkins begged his mother for a violin, and was given a red, half-size Montgomery Ward violin that cost twenty-five dollars.[6] He began taking lessons, and was soon heard at St. Luke's Baptist Church, where he was frequently accompanied on piano by Ruth Jones, later known as Dinah Washington.[6] Jenkins eventually joined the church choir and orchestra, and performed on the violin at church banquets, teas, and social events.[6]

As a teenager, Jenkins entered DuSable High School, where he switched to clarinet and alto saxophone due to the fact that the school did not have an orchestra, limiting his opportunities to play the violin.[5] During this time, he came under the influence of bandleader "Captain" Walter Dyett.[7] After graduating, Jenkins attended Florida A&M University, where he resumed study of the violin.[5] In 1961, he graduated with a degree in music education, then moved to Mobile, Alabama, where he taught music in the public school system for four years.[5]

Career

In the mid-1960s, Jenkins moved back to Chicago, and took a job in the public school system.[8] At one point, he attended an AACM event featuring music by Roscoe Mitchell, performed by Maurice McIntyre, Charles Clark, Malachi Favors, Alvin Fielder, and Thurman Barker.[9] Jenkins recalled being both confused and excited, and was thrilled to be included in a collective improvisation after taking out his violin.[9] He began participating in AACM rehearsals led by Muhal Richard Abrams, recalling: "it was something different, something where I could really be violinistic... I discovered that I would be able to play more of my instrument and I wouldn't have to worry about the cliches... I found out that I could really soar, I found out how I could really play."[10] Jenkins would rehearse and perform with the group for roughly four years,[10] and made his recording debut in 1967 on Abrams's Levels and Degrees of Light.[11]

During this time, Jenkins began playing in a trio format with fellow AACM members Anthony Braxton and Leo Smith, recording the album 3 Compositions of New Jazz in 1968.[12] (Abrams also appears on the album.) In 1969, the trio moved to Paris, where they began playing with drummer Steve McCall,[12] who had moved to Europe several years prior,[13] in a group that became known as the Creative Construction Company. While in Paris, Jenkins had to opportunity to perform with a wide range of musicians, including Archie Shepp and Philly Joe Jones, with whom he recorded, Alan Silva, on whose album Luna Surface he appeared, and Ornette Coleman, who at one point organized a joint Paris concert featuring the Creative Construction Company, the Art Ensemble of Chicago, and Coleman's own group.[14] That same year, Jenkins participated in the recording of Braxton's album B-Xo/N-0-1-47a for BYG Actuel.

In 1970, Jenkins left Paris, later stating that he did not feel comfortable with the fact that he did not speak French,[15] and moved to New York City. Upon his arrival, he reconnected with Coleman and moved into Coleman's Artists House loft, where he lived for several months.[16] He recalled: "We stayed downstairs... It was cold down there, where we slept. Ornette gave us a mattress but he didn't realize how cold it was."[16] Coleman served as Jenkins's mentor, introducing him to the many musicians who frequented his loft.[16] Meanwhile, Jenkins continued performing and rehearsing with the Creative Construction Company, culminating in a concert at Greenwich Village's "Peace Church" on May 19, 1970.[17] The concert, which also featured Muhal Richard Abrams and bassist Richard Davis, was recorded thanks to Coleman, who arranged for an engineer to be present,[17] and was released by Muse Records in two volumes.

Following the May concert, Braxton joined Chick Corea's group, which became known as Circle.[18] Jenkins went on to form the Revolutionary Ensemble with bassist Sirone and percussionist Jerome Cooper, a group that would last roughly six years.[19] During the early and mid-1970s, he also performed and recorded with Alice Coltrane, Don Cherry, Carla Bley, Grachan Moncur III, Rahsaan Roland Kirk, Paul Motian, Dewey Redman, and Archie Shepp.[3][20] In 1974, the Jazz Composer's Orchestra commissioned Jenkins to compose a large-scale work, resulting in the album For Players Only.[21] In 1975, he recorded Swift Are the Winds of Life, an album of duets with drummer Rashied Ali.[22] These albums would be followed by over a dozen releases under his name over the next thirty years.

During the late 1970s, Jenkins performed and recorded with pianist/composer Anthony Davis and drummer Andrew Cyrille,[20] and in the early 1980s, he formed a band called Sting, with two violins, two guitars, electric bass, and drums.[23] During this time, in addition to placing in reader and critic polls in Jazz Magazine and DownBeat, he began receiving greater recognition as a composer, garnering commissions and grants from the New York State Council on the Arts, the New York Foundation for the Arts, and the National Endowment for the Arts, and performances from groups like the Kronos Quartet, the Brooklyn Philharmonic, the New Music Consort, the Pittsburgh New Music Ensemble, and the Cleveland Chamber Symphony, among others.[24] In the late 1980s, Jenkins toured and recorded with Cecil Taylor,[20] and received a commission from Hans Werner Henze, artistic director of the Munich Biennial New Music Theatre Festival, enabling him to compose Mother of Three Sons, a dance-opera based on African mythology, in collaboration with choreographer/director Bill T. Jones and librettist Ann T. Greene. The work was premiered in Munich in 1990, and was also performed by the New York City Opera (US premiere, 1991) and the Houston Grand Opera (1992).[25][26][27]

The 1990s and 2000s saw a continuation of Jenkins's success as a composer. New works included Fresh Faust, a jazz-rap opera, written for Boston's Institute of Contemporary Art; The Negro Burial Ground, a cantata presented by The Kitchen and workshopped at UMass Amherst; the opera The Three Willies, presented at the Painted Bride in Philadelphia and at the Kitchen; and Coincidents an opera with librettist Mary Griffin, performed at Roulette in New York.[27][28][29][24] He also participated in a reunion of the Revolutionary Ensemble,[30] and performed and recorded with the group Equal Interest, which featured Jenkins on violin, Joseph Jarman on woodwinds, and Myra Melford on piano.[27] He collaborated and toured with various choreographers, and formed a world-music improvisation ensemble.[27] In 2004, he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship.[24] Jenkins also held residencies at a number of American universities, including Duke, Carnegie Mellon, Williams, Brown, Harvard, and Oberlin.[24]

Death

Jenkins died from lung cancer on February 24, 2007, in New York City, at the age of 74.[3] At the time of his death he was working on two new operas: Bronzeville, a history of South Side Chicago, and Minor Triad, a music drama about Paul Robeson, Lena Horne, and Cab Calloway.[27]

Discography

As leader/co-leader

With the Revolutionary Ensemble

With others

With Muhal Richard Abrams

With Carla Bley

With Joe Bonner

With Anthony Braxton

With Thomas Buckner

With Don Cherry

With Alice Coltrane

With Creative Construction Company

With Anthony Davis

With James Emery

  • Artlife (Lumina Records, 1982, LP)

With Carl Hancock Rux

With Rahsaan Roland Kirk

With George E. Lewis

  • Shadowgraph (Black Saint, 1978, LP; 1998, CD)

With Grachan Moncur III

With Paul Motian

With Mtume

  • Allkebu-Lan (Land of the Blacks) at the East (Strata East, 1972, 2LPs)

With Dewey Redman

With Jeffrey Schanzer

  • Vistas (Music Vistas, 1987, LP)

With Archie Shepp

With Alan Silva

With Cecil Taylor

With Henry Threadgill

Grants

Awards

Teaching

Professional memberships

Education

References

  1. ^ "Leroy Jenkins". Pirecordings.com. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
  2. ^ a b Colin Larkin, ed. (1992). The Guinness Who's Who of Jazz (First ed.). Guinness Publishing. p. 227/8. ISBN 0-85112-580-8.
  3. ^ a b c Fordham, John (16 March 2007). "Obituary: Leroy Jenkins". The Guardian. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
  4. ^ Lewis, George E. (2008). A Power Stronger Than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music. University of Chicago Press. p. 4.
  5. ^ a b c d Stokes, W. Royal (1991). The Jazz Scene. Oxford University Press. p. 132.
  6. ^ a b c Lewis, George E. (2008). A Power Stronger Than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music. University of Chicago Press. p. 10.
  7. ^ Gluck, Bob (2016). The Miles Davis Lost Quintet and Other Revolutionary Ensembles. University of Chicago Press. p. 58.
  8. ^ Lewis, George E. (2008). A Power Stronger Than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music. University of Chicago Press. p. 134.
  9. ^ a b Gluck, Bob (2016). The Miles Davis Lost Quintet and Other Revolutionary Ensembles. University of Chicago Press. p. 59.
  10. ^ a b Stokes, W. Royal (1991). The Jazz Scene. Oxford University Press. p. 133.
  11. ^ Lewis, George E. (2008). A Power Stronger Than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music. University of Chicago Press. p. 148.
  12. ^ a b Gluck, Bob (2016). The Miles Davis Lost Quintet and Other Revolutionary Ensembles. University of Chicago Press. p. 166.
  13. ^ Lewis, George E. (2008). A Power Stronger Than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music. University of Chicago Press. p. 217.
  14. ^ Gluck, Bob (2016). The Miles Davis Lost Quintet and Other Revolutionary Ensembles. University of Chicago Press. p. 67.
  15. ^ Lewis, George E. (2008). A Power Stronger Than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music. University of Chicago Press. p. 254.
  16. ^ a b c Gluck, Bob (2016). The Miles Davis Lost Quintet and Other Revolutionary Ensembles. University of Chicago Press. p. 68.
  17. ^ a b Gluck, Bob (2016). The Miles Davis Lost Quintet and Other Revolutionary Ensembles. University of Chicago Press. p. 76.
  18. ^ Gluck, Bob (2016). The Miles Davis Lost Quintet and Other Revolutionary Ensembles. University of Chicago Press. pp. 113–114.
  19. ^ Gluck, Bob (2016). The Miles Davis Lost Quintet and Other Revolutionary Ensembles. University of Chicago Press. pp. 136–148.
  20. ^ a b c Wynn, Ron. "Leroy Jenkins: Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
  21. ^ Olewnick, Brian. "Leroy Jenkins: For Players Only". AllMusic. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
  22. ^ Olewnick, Brian. "Rashied Ali / Leroy Jenkins: Swift Are The Winds Of Life". AllMusic. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
  23. ^ Pareles, Jon (September 1, 1982). "Jazz: Sting at Lush Life". New York Times. Retrieved January 18, 2022.
  24. ^ a b c d "Leroy Jenkins: Pioneer of Creative String Improvisation". Jazz Bows. Retrieved January 18, 2022.
  25. ^ Southern, Eileen (1997). The Music of Black Americans: A History. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 9780393038439.
  26. ^ Rockwell, John (May 25, 1992). "Munich Biennial and New Music: Different Drummer in a 3-Piece Suit". The New York Times. Retrieved February 11, 2021.
  27. ^ a b c d e Moore, Carman (March 5, 2007). "Leroy Jenkins (1932-2007) – An Appreciation". New Music Box. Retrieved January 18, 2022.
  28. ^ "Leroy Jenkins". Fac.umass.edu. Retrieved July 28, 2021.
  29. ^ "Excerpts from Coincidents: A Multimedia Opera by Leroy Jenkins, Mary Griffin, Hisao Ihara". Roulette.org. January 6, 2012. Retrieved January 18, 2022.
  30. ^ Gluck, Bob (2016). The Miles Davis Lost Quintet and Other Revolutionary Ensembles. University of Chicago Press. p. 146.
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