Alexander Braun
Alexander Braun | |
|---|---|
.png) Alexander Braun in 1876 | |
| Born | 10 May 1805 Regensburg |
| Died | 29 March 1877 (aged 71) |
| Known for | morphology |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | botany |
| Institutions | Freiburg Giessen University of Berlin |
| Author abbrev. (botany) | A.Braun |
Alexander Carl Heinrich Braun (10 May 1805 – 29 March 1877) was a German botanist from Regensburg, Bavaria. His research centered on the morphology of plants.
Biography
He studied botany in Heidelberg, Paris and Munich. In 1833 he began teaching botany at the Polytechnic School of Karlsruhe, staying there until 1846. Afterwards he was a professor of botany in Freiburg (from 1846), Giessen (from 1850) and at the University of Berlin (1851), where he remained until 1877. While in Berlin, he was also director of the botanical garden. In 1852, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
Braun is largely known for his research involving plant morphology. He accepted evolution but was a critic of Darwinism.[1] He was a proponent of vitalism, a popular 19th-century speculative theory that claimed that a regulative force existed within living matter in order to maintain functionality. Braun made important contributions in the field of cell theory.
From his 1830s analysis of the arrangement of scales on a pine cone he was a pioneer of phyllotaxis.[2]
In 1877 Wilhelm Philippe Schimper and Philipp Bruch named the plant genus Braunia in his honor.[3] Also, a decorative plant known as "Braun's holly fern" (Polystichum braunii) commemorates his name.[4]
Written works
- 1831: Untersuchung über die Ordnung der Schuppen an den Tannenzapfen (Investigation on the order of shapes in pine cones).
- 1842: Nachträgliche Mitteilungen über die Gattungen Marsilia und Pilularia (Additional releases on the genera Marsilea and Pilularia).
- 1851: Betrachtungen über die Erscheinung der Verjüngung in der Natur, insbesondere in der Lebens- und Bildungsgeschichte der Pflanze (Leipzig, 198 pp.) (Reflections on the phenomenon of rejuvenation in nature, particularly in the life and developmental history of the plant).
- 1852: Über die Richtungsverhältnisse der Saftströme in den Zellen der Characeen. (on directional conditions involving juice flow in the cell of Characeae).
- 1853: Das Individuum der Pflanze in seinem Verhältnis zur Spezies etc. (The individual plant in its relation to species, etc.).
- 1854: Über den schiefen Verlauf der Holzfaser und die dadurch bedingte Drehung der Stämme
- 1854: Über einige neue und weniger bekannte Krankheiten der Pflanzen, welche durch Pilze erzeugt werden (On new and lesser-known diseases of plants produced by fungi).
- 1854: Das Individuum der Species in seinem Verhältnis zur Pflanze (The individual of the species in its relationship to the plant).
- 1855: "Algarum unicellularium genera nova et minus cognita".
- 1856: Über Chytridium, eine Gattung einzelliger Schmarotzergewächse auf Algen und Infusorien (On Chytridium, a genus of unicellular parasites on algae and infusoria).
- 1857: Über Parthenogenesis bei Pflanzen (On parthenogenesis in plants)
- 1860: Über Polyembryonie und Keimung von Caelebogyne (Polyembryony and germination of Caelebogyne).
- 1861: Index seminum Horti Botanici Berolinensis: Appendix Plantarum Novrum et minus cognitarum quea in Horto region botanico Berolinensi coluntur.
- 1862: Über die Bedeutung der Morphologie (On the importance of morphology).
- 1862: Zwei deutsche Isoetesarten (Two German Isoëtes species).
- 1863: Über Isoetes (On quillworts).
- 1865: Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Selaginella (Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Selaginella).
- 1867: Die Characeen Afrikas (African Characeae).
- 1867: "Conspectus systematicus Characearum europaearum".
- 1870: Neuere Untersuchungen über die Gattungen Marsilia und Pilularia (Recent studies on the genera Marsilea and Pilularia).
- 1872: Über die Bedeutung der Entwicklung in der Naturgeschichte (On the importance of development in natural history).
See also
Notes
- ^ Glick, Thomas F. (1988). The Comparative Reception of Darwinism. University of Chicago Press. p. 86. ISBN 0-226-29977-5
- ^ [1][dead link] A History of the Study of Phyllotaxis
- ^ EFloras, Flora of North America Braunia Bruch & Schimper
- ^ [2] Encyclopedia of garden ferns by Suzanne Olsen
- ^ International Plant Names Index. A.Braun.
References
- This article is based on a translation of the equivalent article at the German Wikipedia.
- Biography at Deutsche Biographie.
Further reading
- Alexander Braun. In: Leopoldina — On line: part 1, 1871–1872, p. 50–60 (in German)
- A. W. Eichler. Rede bei der Enthüllung des Denkmals von Alexander Braun, 1879 (in German)
External links
- . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
- 1805 births
- 1877 deaths
- 19th-century German botanists
- Non-Darwinian evolution
- Scientists from Regensburg
- Scientists from the Kingdom of Bavaria
- Heidelberg University alumni
- University of Paris alumni
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
- Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
- Academic staff of the University of Freiburg
- Academic staff of the University of Giessen
- Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
- Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
- Vitalists
- German expatriates in France