Flora of South Georgia

This is a list of the flora of South Georgia, an island in the subantarctic Atlantic Ocean, part of the British overseas territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.^[1]^[2]^[3] There are 26 native plant species, and there has been 76 species of introduced plants recorded on the island.

Introduced species tend to be located in the areas of human settlement, such as the former sealing and whaling stations.

Spore producing plants^[4]^[5]
	Common name
Blechnum penna-marina	Antarctic hard-fern or small fern
Cystopteris fragilis	Brittle bladder-fern or common fragile fern
Grammitis poeppigeana	Strap fern
Hymenophyllum falklandicum	Filmy fern
Lycopodium magellanicum	Magellanic clubmoss
Ophioglossum crotalophoroides	Adder's tongue
Polystichum mohrioides	Shield-fern

Seed plants^[4]^[5]
Latin name	Common name
Acaena magellanica	Greater burnet
Acaena magellanica × tenera	Hybrid burnet
Acaena tenera	Lesser burnet
Alopecurus magellanicus	Antarctic foxtail
Callitriche antarctica	Antarctic starwort
Colobanthus quitensis	Antarctic pearlwort
Colobanthus subulatus	Lesser pearlwort or sessile pearlwort or emerald bog
Deschampsia antarctica	Antarctic hair-grass
Festuca contracta	Tufted fescue
Galium antarcticum	Antarctic bedstraw
Juncus inconspicuous	Lesser rush
Juncus scheuchzerioides	Greater native rush
Montia fontana	Water blinks
Phleum alpinum	Alpine cats-tail
Poa flabellata	Tussac grass
Ranunculus biternatus	Antarctic buttercup
Rostkovia magellanica	Brown (or short) rush
Uncinia macrolepis	Smith's sedge

Introduced species

Introduced species - Considered locally present^[3]^[5]
Latin name	Common name
Achillea millefolium	Yarrow
Achillea ptarmica	Sneezewort
Agrostis capillaris	Common bent
Agrostis vinealis	Brown bent
Anthoxanthum odoratum	Sweet vernal grass
Anthriscus sylvestris	Cow parsley
Capsella bursa-pastoris	Shephard's purse
Cardamine glacialis	Bittercress
Carex aquatilis	Water sedge
Carex nigra	Common sedge
Carex vallis-pulchrae	Marsh sedge
Cerastium fontanum	Common mouse-eared chickweed
Dactylis glomerata	Cocksfoot
Deschampsia cespitosa	Tufted hair-grass
Deschampsia flexuosa	Wavy hair-grass
Deschampsia parvula	Punkgrass
Elymus repens	Couch grass
Empetrum rubrum	Diddle-dee
Festuca rubra	Red fescue
Hypericum sp.	St. John's wort
Juncus filiformis	Thread rush
Leptinella scariosa	Feathery buttonweed
Lobelia pratiana	Berry lobelia
Luzula multiflora	Heath wood-rush
Nardus stricta	Mat grass
Poa annua	Annual meadow grass
Poa pratensis	Smooth meadow grass
Poa trivialis	Rough meadow grass
Ranunculus acris	Meadow buttercup
Ranunculus repens	Creeping buttercup
Rumex acetosella	Sheep's sorrel
Rumex crispus	Curled dock
Sagina procumbens	Procumbent pearlwort
Stellaria media	Common chickweed
Taraxacum officinale	Dandelion
Trifolium repens	White clover
Tripleurospermum inodorum	Scentless mayweed
Trisetum spicatum	Spikey trisetum
Vaccinium vitis-idaea	Cowberry
Veronica serpyllifolia	Thyme-leaved speedwell

Introduced species - Considered locally extinct^[3]
Latin name	Common name	Year last seen	Location
Aegilops sp.	Goat grass	1961	Grytviken
Alchemilla monticola	Velvet lady's mantle	1992	Husvik
Allium schoenoprasum	Chives	2015	Leith
Alopecurus magellanicus	Marsh foxtail	1968	Grytviken
Artemisia sp	Mugwort	1967	Grytviken
Avena fatua	Wild-oat	1961	Grytviken
Brassica cf. napus	Rape	1961	Grytviken
Carum carvi	Caraway	1968	Grytviken
Centella sp.	Centella	1967	Grytviken
Cerastium arvense	Field mouse-ear	1970	Grytviken
Daucus carota	Carrot	1967	Grytviken
Festuca ovina	Sheep's fescue	1981	Husvik
Festuca perennis	Italian rye-grass	1961	Grytviken
Hypericum tetrapterum	Square-stemmed St. John's wort	2005	Husvik
Lactuca sp.	Wild lettuce	1971	Grytviken
Lamium purpureum	Red dead-nettle	1969	King Edward Point
Lolium temulentum	Darnel rye-grass	1961	Leith
Lotus corniculatus	Bird's foot trefoil	1992	Husvik
Lupinus sp.	Lupin	1961	Leith
Matricaria discoidea	Pineapple weed	1979	King Edward Point
Phleum pratense	Timothy grass	1961	Husvik
Pisum sativum	Pea	1961	King Edward point
Plantago sp.	Hoary plantain	1967	Grytviken
Raphanus sp.	Radish	1968	Grytviken
Rorippa islandica	Northern yellow-cress	1971	Grytviken
Rumex alpinus	Alpine dock	1961	Leith
Senecio vulgaris	Common groundsel	1967	King Edward Point
Sinapis arvensis	Charlock	1979	King Edward Point
Solanum tuberosum	Potato	1967	Grytviken
Sonchus sp.	Sow thistle	1979	King Edward Point
Stellaria graminea	Grass leaf-starwort	1964	Husvik
Thlaspi arvense	Field penny-cress	1961	Husvik
Trifolium hybridum	Alsike clover	1980	Leith
Urtica dioica	Common nettle	1967	Leith
Urtica urens	Annual nettle	1961	Grytviken

References

^ "Terrestrial flora of South Georgia and Antarctica" (PDF). British Antarctic Survey (BAS). Retrieved 3 October 2019.
^ "Terrestrial/Plants – Government of South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands". Retrieved 3 October 2019. South Georgia is home to just 25 species of native vascular plant, none of which are endemic. The poorly developed vascular plant flora is probably as a consequence of the island's isolation from major landmasses and the relatively harsh year-round climate. In contrast there are around 125 species of moss, 85 liverworts and more than 200 species of lichen.
^ ^a ^b ^c Upson, Rebecca; Myer, Bradley; Floyd, Kelvin; Lee, Jennifer; Clubbe, Colin (2017). Field guide to the introduced flora of South Georgia. Richmond, Surrey, UK: Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens. ISBN 978-1-84246-652-0. OCLC 1007331209.
^ ^a ^b Galbraith, Deirdre. (2011). A field guide to the flora of South Georgia. Great Britain: South Georgia Heritage Trust. ISBN 978-0-9564546-0-7. OCLC 714041780.
^ ^a ^b ^c "South Georgia Flora Guide". 18 January 2021.

[1] "Terrestrial flora of South Georgia and Antarctica" (PDF). British Antarctic Survey (BAS). Retrieved 3 October 2019.

[2] "Terrestrial/Plants – Government of South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands". Retrieved 3 October 2019. South Georgia is home to just 25 species of native vascular plant, none of which are endemic. The poorly developed vascular plant flora is probably as a consequence of the island's isolation from major landmasses and the relatively harsh year-round climate. In contrast there are around 125 species of moss, 85 liverworts and more than 200 species of lichen.

[:0-3] Upson, Rebecca; Myer, Bradley; Floyd, Kelvin; Lee, Jennifer; Clubbe, Colin (2017). Field guide to the introduced flora of South Georgia. Richmond, Surrey, UK: Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens. ISBN 978-1-84246-652-0. OCLC 1007331209.

[:1-4] Galbraith, Deirdre. (2011). A field guide to the flora of South Georgia. Great Britain: South Georgia Heritage Trust. ISBN 978-0-9564546-0-7. OCLC 714041780.

[:2-5] "South Georgia Flora Guide". 18 January 2021.

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