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Skarżyński

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Skarżyński (Ukrainian: Скаржинського; Belarusian: Скаржынскі; Russian: Скаржински) is Polish, Ukrainian, and Russian noble Cossack family of Belarusian origin.[1][2][3][4] The family is of Bończa coat of arms.[5] The Skarżyńskis originate from Trakai Voivodeship, Grand Duchy of Lithuania.[6][7] Since the early 1600s, the Skarzhinsky family owned land in the Turov Voivodeship.[6] The Orthodox branch of the Skarzhinsky family belonged to the richest land owning Russian nobility and played a prominent role in the history of Russia and Ukraine.[8][9][10][11] They owned thousands of acres of land throughout the territory of the Russian Empire from western Belarus to central and southern regions of Ukraine.[12] The family owned hundreds of acres of land in Mglin, Russia where Alexander Matveyevich Skarzhinsky was leader of the Mglinsky nobility.[13] The family also owned land in the folwark estate in Kamenka near Ashmyany, Belarus.[14] The family set forth a detailed history of the members of family for the purpose of establishing themselves in the nobility at the Ashmyany City Court.[15] The Skarżyńskis also owned land in Paszkiszki village, Grodno Region, Belarus. Skarzhinsky are present in Grodno, Brest, Belarus, and Minsk. The Skarżyńskis also had a strong presence in Vilnius Region, Lithuania.[16] The Skarżyńskis also owned land in Kherson Governorate, Ukraine.[17] The Skarzhynskis also had branches in Poltava, Chernihiv, Odessa, Kiev, Mykolaiv, Cherkasy, and along the Dnieper in many villiages.[17] Another branch of the family was established in Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine. The family has also had a strong presence in Saint Petersburg, Russia, Moscow, Russia, Bryansk Oblast, and the Caucasus.[6] The family owned a gothic style mansion in Kislovodsk, Russia.[18] Other Skarzynski branches have origins in Germany.[19] The genus is still strongly represented throughout Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and the United States. The family has a history of nobility in Poland, Lithuania, Ukraine, Russia, and Belarus.[20][21][22]

Another branch of the family took Russian citizenship after the partitions of Poland, but remained Polish and Catholic. Also, some Skarzhinsky Catholics after the Partitions turned out to be subjects of Prussia.

In 1820, the Vilnius herald recognized several of the Skarżyńskis "as native and ancient Polish nobility", bringing their names to the first part of the gubernial books of nobility.[14] In 1844, the Vilnius herald recorded in the Trakai district Ignacy other members of the Skarżyński family.[23]

The Skarzynski family is also listed in Part 12, page 68 of the General Armorial of the Noble Families of the All Russian Empire.[24]

The paternal members of the family are also descendants of the R1a Slavic branch of the Kievan Rus Rurikid Dynasty.[25] The paternal members of the family are from the same genus as the noble Baryatinsky bloodline along with Princes Obolensky and Volkonsky. They are all descendants of Russian Prince Oleg Svyatoslavich.[26]

The family intermarried with many Ukrainian officer families of the 18th — 19th centuries, in particular, such as the Skoropadsky, Zakrevsky, Znachko-Yavorsky, Miloradovich, Miklashevsky, Sudienko and others.

Origin and history

The family originated in the Trakai Voivodeship of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.[6] The family has branches in Rypin, Sierpc, Gójsk, and Szczutowo in Poland. Jan Skarzynski founded Skarzyn, Masovian Voivodeship.[27] Other family members have roots in Saint Petersburg, Russia and Moscow, Russia.[28] Marcin Skarżyński, in the 1600s, owned a lot of land in Trakai District, Lithuania.[14] The family has a deep military tradition serving Poland, Russian Empire, and the Soviet Union with some family members being highly ranked and highly decorated as well.[17] The Skarżyński family produced at least four high-ranking generals that served Poland and the Russian Empire.

General Pyotr Mikhailovich Skarzhinsky would be decorated with the Order of St. Vladimir of the 2nd degree and the Order of St. George of the 4th degree which was the highest military decoration of the Russian Empire. He was also Commander of the Astrakhan Cossack Regiment. He served in the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774 and the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791. He would later become the Governor of the Caucasus 1792-1796.[29]

General Ambroży Mikołaj Skarżyński would become a legendary general under French military and political leader Napoleon Bonaparte. He received a hereditary title of a Baron of the French Empire in 1814, which was later confirmed by the Polish parliament in 1820.[30] Viktor Viktorovich Skarzhinsky was a nobleman in St Petersburg, Russia 1869-1920. He owned a mansion on the English Embankment in central St Petersburg.[31]

The ancestors of this family owned an immovable estate in the Trotsky Voivodeship (1628) and were awarded various ranks by Polish kings for their services. Anthony-Alexander Skarzhinsky, who came from this family, entered the Russian service (1733) and, when he converted to the Orthodox faith, was called Mikhail Kazimirovich Skarzhinsky. He settled in the Poltava region.[6]

Skarżyński, who settled in the Rav Voivodeship. Of these, Alexander, Lovčij Brzezinski, owned the estates of Studzenice and Laziska (from 1755). Yuri Skarzhinsky, podstarosta Sochaczewski, was granted (1790) a knight of the Order of St. Stanislaus.

Mikhail Mikhailovich Skarzhinsky (1742 - 1804) began his Russian military service in 1761 as a military clerk, centurion of the 2nd Lubensky Regimental Hundred (1765-1773), from 1783 a bunchuk-comrade of the Lubensky regiment.[6]

Ivan Mikhailovich Skarzhinsky (1749 - 1806?) began his Russian military service in 1769 as a clerk, cornet of the regimental Lubensky hundred (1773 - 1787), Zolotonosha district leader of the nobility and since 1780 Bunchuk comrade.[6]

Major General Pyotr Mikhailovich Skarzhinsky(1747 - 1805) was born in the Poltava region and devoted his life to military service. In 1787, Pyotr Skarzhinsky showed extraordinary courage when, in early October, Suvorov's troops defeated the Turks, taking the fortress near Ochakov. The commander of the 2nd Bug Regiment, Colonel Pyotr Mikhailovich Skarzhinsky, was seriously wounded in the chest. Having recovered from his wounds, a year later he again distinguished himself under the banner of Suvorov during the assault on Ochakov, for which he was awarded the Order of St. George. George. Pyotr rose to the rank of general, in 1790 he became the commander of the Astrakhan Cossack regiment, and later became the governor and governor of the Caucasus (1793).[6]

Nikolai Petrovich Skarzhinsky- second lieutenant of the Life Guards of the Izmailovsky Regiment, mortally wounded in the battle of Kulm (August 17, 1813), his name is listed on one of the marble plaques on the walls of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow.[32] For the Battle of Borodino, Nikolai Skarzhinsky received a high award - a golden sword with the inscription "For bravery", as well as promotion to the rank of second lieutenant.[33]

In 1775, Viktor Petrovich Skarzhinsky received from Catherine the Great more than 6000 acres of land in the Russian Empire for his service to Russia. There was also a monument in Odessa.[34][35]

During the Patriotic War of 1812, Viktor Petrovich Skarzhinsky was one of the first to form a militia of peasants, arming at his own expense a detachment of about 100 people, who replenished the number of light cavalry squadrons with volunteers. It was called Skarzhinsky's squadron. And in the fall, a squadron under the command of 24-year-old Viktor Petrovich joins the Southern Army. It played a significant role driving Napoleon's army out of Europe.[6] Skarzhinsky's squadron especially distinguished itself during the capture of Vilnius on December 10, 1812, when about 15,000 French soldiers (including 7 generals and 242 officers) were captured. The soldiers of the Skarzhinsky squadron captured 18 French officers. Field Marshal Kutuzov reported to Alexander I that Admiral Chichagov noted the "outstanding feats" of Skarzhinsky. The memory of the squadron is noted in the main temple of the Russian Orthodox Church – the Church of Christ the Redeemer in Moscow. In this temple, erected in memory of soldiers who died in World War II, marble plaques with the names of military formations are installed on the walls. On plate 27, among others, the squadron of Viktor Petrovich Skarzhinsky is immortalized.[36]

In 1820, Viktor Petrovich Skarzhinsky was elected Provincial Leader of the Nobility of the Kherson Governorate for six years. On June 16, 1872, a monument to Viktor P. Skarzhinsky was solemnly unveiled in the Odessa City Garden to commemorate his great services to Russia. Created of white marble, it stood until the 30s of the last century.[6]

The Skarzynski line produced two other Russian Major Generals Vasily Anastasievich Skarzhinsky(1834-1914) and Nikolai Yegorovich Skarzhinsky(1849-1910).[37][38]

Anastasiy Ivanovich Skarzhinsy began civil service in 1794. In 1828, he became the Mglinsky district treasurer. He lived in Mglin, Russia.[6]

Matvey Ivanovich Skarzhinsky, who began his civil service in 1788, was promoted to titular councilor in 1815, was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir of the 4th class.[6]

In the late 1800s, Alexander Matveyevich Skarzhinsky, at the age of 28, became the Leader of the Mglinsky nobility.[6]

In 1900, the Skarzhinsky brothers Matvey, Vasily and Ivan jointly owned 779 acres of land in the Mglinsky District, Russia.[6]

In 1900, brothers Alexander and Pavel Skarzhinsky jointly owned 665 acres of land in the Mglinsky district, Russia.[6]

On 29 October 1990, Aleksandr Alekseyevich Skarzhinskiy was awarded a Silver medal for his work in agriculture with the Research Institute of Vegetable Farming by the government of the Soviet Union.[39]

During World War Two, Soviet soldier Nikolay Vladimirovich Skarzhinsky was awarded the Order of Glory, for bravery, during combat operations.[40]

During World War Two, Soviet soldier Ivan Zakharovich Skarzhinsky took part in the Battle of Berlin. He was killed in action.[41]

During World War Two, Soviet soldier Matvey Isaakovich Skarzhinsky was awarded the military decoration Medal "For Battle Merit" during World War Two.[42]

During World War Two, Vsevolod Vladimirovich Skarzhinsky was awarded the Order of the Red Star and the Medal "For Courage."[43]

During World War Two, Soviet soldier Stanislav Yanovich Skarzhinsky was awarded the Order of the Red Star and Medal "For Battle Merit" during World War Two.[44]

Soviet Marine Corporal Grigoriy Vasilevich Skarzhinsky took part in the Siege of Leningrad during World War Two.[45]

In 1944, Soviet soldier Dmitriy Frantsevich Skarzhinsky was awarded Order of the Red Star.[46]

During World War Two, Soviet soldier Nikolay Ivanovich Skarzhinsky was awarded military decorations Medal "For Courage"", Order of the Red Star (3), and Order of Glory 3rd degree.[47]

During World War Two, Soviet soldier Colonel Evgeniy Ignatievich Skarzhinsky was awarded the Order of the Red Banner three times, Order of Red Star three times, and the Medal "For Military Merit" two times. He served in the Battle of Stalingrad,Belgrade offensive and Siege of Budapest.[48]

In 1945, Soviet soldier Junior Sergeant Anatoly Ivanovich Skarzhinsky was awarded military decoration Medal "For Courage" (Russia). Anatoly captured 42 Nazi soldiers during a combat operation. He took part in the Battle of the Dnieper and the Battle of Kiev (1943).[49]

During World War Two, Soviet soldier Ivan Filippovich Skarzhinsky was awarded combat decoration Medal "For Battle Merit". He served with the 1st Ukrainian Front, 95th Guards Rifle Division. He participated in many of the major battles of the Eastern Front including the Battle of Berlin.[50]

During World War Two, Soviet soldier Senior Lieutenant Ivan Aleksandrovich Skarzhinsky served in the 1st Guards Motor Rifle Division. He participated in the Battle for Moscow among others. He was wounded in battle. He also participated in the Continuation war.[51]

During World War Two, Soviet soldier Private Ivan Romanovich Skarzhinsky was killed during combat operations while serving in the Soviet 214th Rifle Division.[52]

During World War Two, Soviet Senior Sergeant Vladimir Igorovich Skarzhinsky served with the 46th Guards Rifle Division. He was awarded Order of Glory Third Class, Medal "For Courage", and Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945." He served in Operation Bagration.[53]

During World War Two, Soviet Junior Sergeant Lavrentiy Lukich Skarzhinsky was award military decoration Order of the Red Star while serving with the 1st Ukrainian Front.[54]

During World War Two, Soviet soldier Luka A. Skarzhinsky served in the 6th Guards Army.[55]

Russian nobility

When submitting documents (February 1686) for entering the genus into the Velvet Book, the pedigree of the Skarzhinsky family list was provided and the colonel of the Reitar system, Pyotr Grigorievich Skarzhinsky, submitted (April 1686) to the Ambassadorial Order for translation into Russian two "certified sheets" of Polish ambassadors and nobles about the Skarzhinsky gentry. In the same year, Pyotr Skarzhinsky filed a petition in which he asked to send translations from the "sheets" to the Chamber of genealogical affairs and attach them to the genealogy of the Skarzhinsky family, which was done (August 31, 1686).[56]

COAT OF ARMS OF THE SKARZHINSKY FAMILY. ORIGINAL IMAGE FROM PART 12 OF THE GENERAL ARMORIAL FROM THE NOBLE FAMILIES OF THE ALL RUSSIAN EMPIRE.

Genealogy

The Skarzhinskys are ethnically Slavic, Germanic, and Karelian. According to the Family Tree DNA service, Skarzhinsky originates from the Chernihiv branch of the Rurikids dynasty.[57] This was confirmed by the Family Tree DNA Russian Nobility DNA Project.[58] Skarzhinsky originates from the same genus as the Russian Princes Baryatinsky, Obolensky, and Volkonsky with an 1,800-year estimate to the common ancestor.[59] They are all descendants of Russian Prince Oleg Svyatoslavich.[60] This is also confirmed by the Yfull DNA service, since they all had haplogroup R1a-L260-YP1337 which is a rare haplogroup.[61] The Skarzhinsky bloodline carries a paternal subclade of R-FTA11171.[62] The mutations in this particular subclade indicate Ukrainian or Ruthenian origin with a strong genetic contribution from Western Slavic tribes.[63] Some of the Skarzynski bloodline, in the United States, carry the surname of Brunett.[64]

Notable people

See also

Bibliography

  • The Skarzhinsky family in the history of Southern Ukraine (mid-XVIII - early XX century) : [monograph] / O.M. Doroshenko ; Odessa. National. un-t them. I. I. Mechnikov, East. f-t, From. history of the Cossacks in the South of Ukraine of the Research Institute of the Cossacks of the Institute of History of Ukraine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. - Mykolaiv : Publishing house of Irina Gudym, 2011. - 164 p. : ill. - Bibliogr.: pp. 132-164. - ISBN 978-617-576-048-2

References

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  2. ^ "Сьпіс шляхецкіх родаў, прозьвішчы якіх пачынаюцца на «С»".
  3. ^ https://gerbovnik.ru/arms/2029.html
  4. ^ https://gerbovnik.ru/arms/1614.html
  5. ^ https://gerbovnik.ru/arms/2029.html
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o http://www.mglin-krai.ru/chernigovskaya-guberniya/357-predvoditel-dvoryanstva-skarzhinskij-aleksandr-matveevich-i-otdelnye-predstaviteli-ego-roda
  7. ^ https://www.nikpravda.com.ua/general-skarzhinskij-i-ego-deti-neizvestnoe-o-predstavitelyah-izvestnogo-roda/
  8. ^ http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Skarzhynski_rid
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  15. ^ ASSOCIATION OF THE BELARUSIAN NOBILITY
  16. ^ ASSOCIATION OF THE BELARUSIAN NOBILITY
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  23. ^ CPAH of Lithuania in Vilnius, f. 391, issue 9, no. 18, pp. 49-50, 61-62
  24. ^ https://gerbovnik.ru/arms/2029 Часть 12 Общего Гербовника Дворянских Родов Всероссийской Империи, стр. 68
  25. ^ "FamilyTreeDNA - Russian Nobility DNA Project".
  26. ^ "FamilyTreeDNA - Russian Nobility DNA Project".
  27. ^ "6 wieków historii szlacheckiego gniazda rodu Skarzyńskich – majątku ziemskiego Skarzyn Abramy". 29 August 2016.
  28. ^ Compiled By Count Alexander Bobrinsky. Noble families, included in the General Armorial of the All-Russian Empire: in 2 vols. - St. Petersburg, type. M. M. Stasyulevich, 1890 Author: Bobrinsky, Alexander Alekseevich (1823-1903). Skarzyński. Part II. p. 160.
  29. ^ https://www.nikpravda.com.ua/general-skarzhinskij-i-ego-deti-neizvestnoe-o-predstavitelyah-izvestnogo-roda/
  30. ^ History of the Polish military 1795-1939, Eligiusz Kozłowski and Mieczysław Wrzosek, Warsaw 1984
  31. ^ https://all-andorra.com/the-english-embankment/
  32. ^ Comp. Count Alexander Bobrinsky. Noble families included in the General Armorial of the All-Russian Empire: in 2 volumes - St. Petersburg, type. M. M. Stasyulevich, 1890 Author: Bobrinsky, Alexander Alekseevich (1823-1903). Skarzhinsky. Part II. p. 160.
  33. ^ https://novosti-n.org/analitic/read/1578.html?fbclid=IwAR0pR4L3YEocParu4atelwcAF9Bzu2-XsTydyDRwLkRWmrDmDtgTTqhvQF0
  34. ^ https://www.nikpravda.com.ua/general-skarzhinskij-i-ego-deti-neizvestnoe-o-predstavitelyah-izvestnogo-roda/
  35. ^ https://novosti-n.org/analitic/read/1578.html
  36. ^ https://1812.hrest.info/2013/02/eskadron-skarzhynskoho/
  37. ^ https://www.myheritage.com/research/record-40000-272672020/%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87-%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-in-geni-world-family-tree
  38. ^ http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Skarzhynski_rid
  39. ^ https://www.myheritage.com/research/record-10981-67127-F/%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9-aleksey-skarzhinskiy-in-soviet-union-award-records
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  41. ^ https://pamyat-naroda.ru/
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  57. ^ "FamilyTreeDNA - Russian Nobility DNA Project".
  58. ^ "FamilyTreeDNA - Russian Nobility DNA Project".
  59. ^ "FamilyTreeDNA - Russian Nobility DNA Project".
  60. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20110827013936/http://www.perpettum.narod.ru/scanchten01.htm
  61. ^ YFull | NextGen Sequence Interpretation
  62. ^ https://www.familytreedna.com/public/ukraine?iframe=yresults
  63. ^ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225278789_Genetic_data_from_Y_chromosome_STR_and_SNP_loci_in_Ukrainian_population
  64. ^ "FamilyTreeDNA - Russian Nobility DNA Project".
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