Synura

Synura
	A colony of Synura sp.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Diaphoretickes
Clade:	SAR
Clade:	Stramenopiles
Phylum:	Gyrista
Subphylum:	Ochrophytina
Class:	Chrysophyceae
Order:	Synurales
Family:	Synuraceae
Genus:	Synura; Ehrenberg 1834
Species
	See text.
Synonyms
	Chrysodidymus Prowse;

Synura is a genus of colonial chrysomonad algae covered in silica scales.^[2] It is the most conspicuous genus of the order Synurales.^[3]

Description

Species of Synura form microscopic, spherical colonies, composed of multiple cells attached to each other at the center of the colony. Synura cells are variously shaped, typically spherical to pear-shaped or club-shaped. Each cell contains two plastids aligned with the long axis of the cell; they impart a distinctive golden color to the cells, which come from chlorophyll c₁ and fucoxanthin. Cells are covered in scales made of silica. Two flagella are present.^[4]

Identification of species depends on the morphology of the scales. For many species, a positive identification is only possible with an electron microscope, either with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM).^[4]

Classification

The present taxonomy recognizes five sections:^[2]^[3]

Section Peterseniae
- S. americana
- S. australiensis
- S. borealis
- S. conopea
- S. glabra
- S. heteropora
- S. hibernica
- S. laticarina
- S. longisquama
- S. macracantha
- S. macropora
- S. petersenii
Section Spinosae
- S. curtispina
- S. mollispina
- S. nygaardii
- S. sphagnicola
- S. spinosa
Section Echinulatae
- S. biseriata
- S. echinulata
- S. leptorrhabda
- S. mammillosa
- S. multidentata
Section Splendidae
- S. splendida
Section Uvellae
- S. uvella

References

^ Pusztai, Martin; Čertnerová, Dora; Škaloudová, Magda; Škaloud, Pavel (2016). "Elucidating the Phylogeny and Taxonomic Position of the genus Chrysodidymus Prowse (Chrysophyceae, Synurales)". Cryptogamie, Algologie. 37 (4): 297–307. doi:10.7872/crya/v37.iss4.2016.297. S2CID 51739744.
^ ^a ^b Škaloud, Pavel; Kristiansen, Jørgen; Škaloudová, Magda (July 2013). "Developments in the taxonomy of silica-scaled chrysophytes – from morphological and ultrastructural to molecular approaches". Nordic Journal of Botany. 31 (4) (published August 2013): 385–402. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00119.x.
^ ^a ^b Škaloud P, Škaloudová M, Procházková A, Němcová Y (2014). "Morphological delineation and distribution patterns of four newly described species within the Synura petersenii species complex (Chrysophyceae, Stramenopiles)". European Journal of Phycology. 49 (2): 213–229. doi:10.1080/09670262.2014.905710. S2CID 51749551.
^ ^a ^b Siver, Peter A. (2014). "Chapter 14. Synurophyte Algae". In Wehr, John D.; Sheath, Robert G.; Kociolek, J. Patrick (eds.). Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification (2 ed.). Elsevier Inc. ISBN 978-0-12-385876-4.

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[1] Pusztai, Martin; Čertnerová, Dora; Škaloudová, Magda; Škaloud, Pavel (2016). "Elucidating the Phylogeny and Taxonomic Position of the genus Chrysodidymus Prowse (Chrysophyceae, Synurales)". Cryptogamie, Algologie. 37 (4): 297–307. doi:10.7872/crya/v37.iss4.2016.297. S2CID 51739744.

[Developmentsinthesilica-2] Škaloud, Pavel; Kristiansen, Jørgen; Škaloudová, Magda (July 2013). "Developments in the taxonomy of silica-scaled chrysophytes – from morphological and ultrastructural to molecular approaches". Nordic Journal of Botany. 31 (4) (published August 2013): 385–402. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00119.x.

[MorphoSynurapetersenii-3] Škaloud P, Škaloudová M, Procházková A, Němcová Y (2014). "Morphological delineation and distribution patterns of four newly described species within the Synura petersenii species complex (Chrysophyceae, Stramenopiles)". European Journal of Phycology. 49 (2): 213–229. doi:10.1080/09670262.2014.905710. S2CID 51749551.

[Siver-4] Siver, Peter A. (2014). "Chapter 14. Synurophyte Algae". In Wehr, John D.; Sheath, Robert G.; Kociolek, J. Patrick (eds.). Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification (2 ed.). Elsevier Inc. ISBN 978-0-12-385876-4.

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