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Vexillum (gastropod)

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Not to be confused with Vexilla (gastropod).

Vexillum
An apertural view of a shell of Vexillum taeniatum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Neogastropoda
Superfamily: Turbinelloidea
Family: Costellariidae
Genus: Vexillum
Röding, 1798
Type species
Vexillum plicatum
Röding, 1798
Synonyms[1]
  • Arenimitra Iredale, 1929
  • Callithea Swainson, 1840 (invalid: junior homonym of Callithea Feisthamel, 1835; Pulchritima is a replacement name)
  • Costellaria Swainson, 1840
  • Mitra (Callithea) Swainson, 1840
  • Mitra (Costellaria) Swainson, 1840
  • Mitra (Harpaeformis) Lesson, 1842
  • Mitra (Tiara) Swainson, 1831
  • Mitra (Turricula) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
  • Mitra (Uromitra) ·
  • Mitra (Vulpecula) Blainville, 1824
  • Mitropifex Iredale, 1929
  • Pulchritima Iredale, 1929
  • Pusiolina Cossmann, 1921
  • Tiara Swainson, 1831
  • Tiara (Callithea) Swainson, 1840 (original rank)
  • Tiara (Costellaria) Swainson, 1840
  • Turricula Fabricius, 1823 non Schumacher, 1817
  • Turricula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
  • Turricula (Callithea) Swainson, 1840 ·
  • Turricula (Costellaria) Swainson, 1840
  • †Turricula (Uromitra) Bellardi, 1887
  • Turricula (Vulpecula) Blainville, 1824
  • Uromitra Bellardi, 1887
  • Vexillum (Costellaria) Swainson, 1840
  • †Vexillum (Uromitra) Bellardi, 1888
  • Vexillum (Vexillum) Röding, 1798
  • Vulpecula Blainville, 1824
  • Zierliana Gray, 1847

Vexillum is a genus of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Costellariidae.[1]

This genus is not monophyletic. The genus Vexillum contains about 80% of costellariid diversity.[2] It is considered a "dumping ground" for an array of unrelated forms.[3]

Description

The shell is elongated, turreted, longitudinally ribbed or plicate. The spire is acuminated. The aperture is narrow. The columella shows numerous plaits. The outer lip is internally striated.[4]

Vexillum species produce complex venoms dominated by highly diversified short cysteine-rich peptides, vexitoxins, related to conotoxins.[5]

Distribution

This genus is cosmopolitan and occurs in tropical and temperate seas, but primarily in shallow waters (but also at bathyal depths) of the tropical Indo-Pacific.

Species

Species within the genus Vexillum include:[1]

Taxa inquirenda

  • Vexillum lanceolatum (Hervier, 1897) (possible synonym of V. costatum)
  • Vexillum thaanumi Pilsbry, 1921 [7]
  • Vexillum tomlini (Melvill, 1925)
  • Mitra (Turricula) rufofilosa E. A. Smith, 1876
  • † Vexillum (Uromitra) holmesii (Dall, 1890)
  • Mitra (Pusia) elizae Melvill, 1899
  • Mitra nigrofasciata G. B. Sowerby II, 1874

Synonyms

References

  1. ^ a b c Vexillum Röding, 1798. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 21 January 2011.
  2. ^ Fedosov, Alexander E., et al. "Phylogeny, systematics, and evolution of the family Costellariidae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179.3 (2017): 541-626.
  3. ^ Cernohorsky WO. 1966. A study of mitrid radulae and a tentative generic arrangement of the family Mitridae. The Veliger 9: 101–126
  4. ^ Adams, H. & Adams, A. (1853-1858). The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. London, van Voorst. Vol. 1: xl + 484 pp.; vol. 2: 661 pp.; vol. 3: 138 pls
  5. ^ Kuznetsova, Ksenia G., Zvonareva, Sofia S., Ziganshin, Rustam, Mekhova, Elena S., Dgebuadze, Polina, Yen, Dinh T. H., Nguyen, Thanh H. T., Moshkovskii, Sergei A., Fedosov, Alexander E. - Vexitoxins: conotoxin-like venom peptides from predatory gastropods of the genus Vexillum; Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 8/10/2022, Vol. 289 Issue 1980, p1-10. 10p.
  6. ^ Salisbury R., Gori S. (2012). A new Costellarid species (Gastropoda: Costellariidae) from Taiwan. Visaya 3 (5): 57-60.
  7. ^ Marine Mollusks of Hawaii VIII-XIII. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 72: 296-328
  • Swainson, W. (1840). A treatise on malacology or shells and shell-fish. London, Longman. viii
  • Turner H. (2001) Katalog der Familie Costellariidae Macdonald 1860 (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Muricoidea). Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 100 pp.
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