Churigar
The Churigar are a Muslim community found in the state of Rajasthan in India[1] and the Punjab province of Pakistan.
Origin
Their name means a manufacturer of bangles, from the Urdu churi bangle and gar maker. The Churigar are found mainly in the districts of Bhilwara, Chittorgarh, Pali, Jodhpur and Udaipur in Rajasthan. Historically, the Churigar were also found in Hissar, Rohtak and Gurgaon in what is now Haryana, as well as in the districts Gujrat, Sialkot, Mandi Bahaudin and Sargodha in Pakistan. The Churigar were nomadic community, one of the many gypsy like groups found in Rajasthan and Haryana. By the middle of the 19th century, groups of Churigar had begun to migrate to villages in the Punjab, selling jewellery and bangles. At the time of the partition of India in 1947, almost all of those in Haryana immigrated to Pakistan.[2]
In Rajasthan, the Churigar speak Mewari among themselves and Hindi with outsiders. Those who have attended Islamic madrasas also understand Urdu. Like most Muslim artisan castes, the Churigar claim a Middle Eastern and in particular an Arab origin. However, it is likely that they also incorporate converts from similar status Hindu castes of Rajasthan.[1]
Present circumstances
In India
The community is strictly endogamous, and practice both parallel cousin and cross cousin marriages. They are further divided into three clans, the Multani, the Shaikh and the Sayyid. Traditionally, the Sayyid Churigar did not intermarry with the other two clans, but this is no longer the case. [citation needed]
The Churigar in Rajasthan are now settled in villages, occupying their own distinct quarters. Bangle making is still the traditional occupation of the Churigar, and they are mainly landless. Many are also employed as daily wage labourers.[1]
In Pakistan
As nomads, the Punjab Churigar tend to establish regular relations with client communities in villages, and follow specific routes of migration. The basic social unit of the Churigar is the puki or tent in the Punjabi. All membera of the pukki are blood relations, and marriage is within this group. The Churigar still speak a dialect of Punjabi with many Rajasthani loanwords.[2]
See also
References
- ^ a b c People of India Rajasthan Volume XXXVIII Part Two edited by B.K Lavania, D. K Samanta, S K Mandal & N.N Vyas pages 268 to 270 Popular Prakashan
- ^ a b Servicing the Ordinary Folk: Peripatetic Peoples and their Niche in South Asia pages 104 to 124 in Nomadism in South Asia edited by Aparna Roa and Michael J Casimir