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1892 Liverpool Everton by-election

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The Liverpool Everton by-election, 1892 was a parliamentary by-election held in England on 15 February 1892 for the House of Commons constituency of Liverpool Everton.

Vacancy

Edward Whitley MP, caricatured in Vanity Fair in 1880

The vacancy was caused by the death on 14 January of the Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Edward Whitley.[1] The 67-year-old Whitley was a former Mayor of Liverpool[2] who had held the seat since its creation at the 1885 general election,[3] and had previously been one of the three MPs for Liverpool from 1880 to 1885.[2]

Candidates

John A. Willox, pictured in the Pall Mall Gazette in July 1892

The Executive Committee of the Everton Conservatives met on 22 January to consider their choice of candidate for the by-election. They decided that three names should be proposed to a meeting of the party's Divisional Council: former Liverpool MP Lord Claud Hamilton, Councillor John Houlding, and former Birkenhead MP David MacIver.[4] However, at the council meeting on 26 January Houlding declined the invitation to stand, and no other names were formally put to the meeting.[5]

The Divisional Council met again on 2 February, with Houlding in the chair. Two names were proposed: MacIver, and the journalist John A. Willox.[6] The meeting unanimously chose Willox,[6] the owner of Cope Brothers tobacco merchants (based in Liverpool and London), and also the owner and editor of the Liverpool Courier newspaper.[7]

The Liberal Party had intended to contest the election, and hoped that if the Conservatives had selected the brewer Houlding they would have gained the temperance vote.[4] However, in the end they did not choose a candidate.[7]

Result

The writ was moved in the Commons on 10 February by Aretas Akers-Douglas,[8][9] the MP for St Augustine's. 15 February had been selected as the day for nominations, and since Willox was the only candidate nominated, he was returned unopposed, without any need for a vote.[7][10]

In honour of his election, over 100 journalists from Liverpool presented him with an illuminated address.[11]

Aftermath

Willox was re-elected with a large majority at the general election in July 1892,[3] and was returned unopposed in 1895 and 1900.[3] He was knighted in Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee Honours in 1897.[11]

Sir John held the seat until serious illness[12] prompted his resignation from Parliament in February 1905 by taking the Chiltern Hundreds,[13] triggering another by-election. He died in June 1905, on his 63rd birthday.[11]

Votes

Election Political result Candidate Party Votes % ±%
By-election, February 1892[3]
death of Whitley		Conservative hold John Archibald WilloxConservativeunopposed
General election, July 1886[3]Conservative hold Edward WhitleyConservativeunopposed

See also

References

  1. ^ "Obituaries". The Times. 15 January 1892. p. 5. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  2. ^ a b Mair, Robert Henry (1886). Debrett's House of Commons, and the Judicial Bench. London: Dean & Son. p. 157. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  3. ^ a b c d e Craig, F. W. S. (1983) [1989]. British parliamentary election results 1885–1918 (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 139. ISBN 0-900178-27-2.
  4. ^ a b "Election Intelligence". The Times. 23 January 1892. p. 6, column D. Retrieved 8 September 2012.(subscription required)
  5. ^ "Election Intelligence: Liverpool (Everton Division)". The Times. 27 January 1892. p. 6, column B. Retrieved 8 September 2012.(subscription required)
  6. ^ a b "Election Intelligence: Liverpool (Everton Division)". The Times. 3 February 1892. p. 6, column E. Retrieved 8 September 2012.(subscription required)
  7. ^ a b c "Election Intelligence. Liverpool (Everton Division)". The Times. 16 February 1892. p. 10, column D. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
  8. ^ "Parliament. House Of Commons., Wednesday, Feb. 10. New writ". The Times. 11 February 1892. p. 7, column A. Retrieved 8 September 2012.(subscription required)
  9. ^ "NEW WRIT". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons. 10 February 1892. col. 117. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  10. ^ "No. 26259". The London Gazette. 19 February 1892. p. 923.
  11. ^ a b c "Obituary: Sir John Willox". The Times. 17 June 1905. p. 8, col C. Retrieved 9 September 2012.(subscription required)
  12. ^ "Court Circular". The Times. 14 January 1905. p. 9, column E. Retrieved 9 September 2012.(subscription required)
  13. ^ "No. 27765". The London Gazette. 17 February 1905. p. 1199.
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