Shenkursk
Shenkursk
Шенкурск | |
|---|---|
_(1780).png) Coat of arms | |
Location of Shenkursk  | |
  Shenkursk Location of Shenkursk  Shenkursk Shenkursk (Arkhangelsk Oblast) | |
| Coordinates: 62°06′N 42°54′E / 62.100°N 42.900°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Arkhangelsk Oblast[1] |
| Administrative district | Shenkursky District[1] |
| Town of district significance | Shenkursk[1] |
| First mentioned | 1229[2] |
| Town status since | 1780[2] |
| Elevation | 60 m (200 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 5,702 |
| • Capital of | Shenkursky District,[1] town of district significance of Shenkursk[1] |
| • Municipal district | Shenkursky Municipal District[4] |
| • Urban settlement | Shenkurskoye Urban Settlement[4] |
| • Capital of | Shenkursky Municipal District,[4] Shenkurskoye Urban Settlement[4] |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [5]) |
| Postal code(s)[6] | 165160 |
| OKTMO ID | 11658101001 |
Shenkursk (Template:Lang-ru) is a town and the administrative center of Shenkursky District in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Vaga River. Population: 5,702 (2010 Census);[3] 6,151 (2002 Census);[7] 7,424 (1989 Soviet census).[8]
Geography
Climate
| Climate data for Shenkursk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 3.5 (38.3) |
5.0 (41.0) |
13.6 (56.5) |
26.0 (78.8) |
31.0 (87.8) |
35.6 (96.1) |
34.9 (94.8) |
35.7 (96.3) |
28.6 (83.5) |
20.6 (69.1) |
12.7 (54.9) |
5.9 (42.6) |
35.7 (96.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −9.2 (15.4) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
7.5 (45.5) |
15.3 (59.5) |
20.9 (69.6) |
23.7 (74.7) |
19.7 (67.5) |
13.1 (55.6) |
5.4 (41.7) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
6.7 (44.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −12.9 (8.8) |
−10.9 (12.4) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
2.8 (37.0) |
9.8 (49.6) |
15.3 (59.5) |
18.3 (64.9) |
15.0 (59.0) |
9.4 (48.9) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
2.6 (36.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −16.5 (2.3) |
−14.7 (5.5) |
−9.3 (15.3) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
4.3 (39.7) |
9.8 (49.6) |
12.8 (55.0) |
10.2 (50.4) |
5.7 (42.3) |
0.5 (32.9) |
−7.3 (18.9) |
−12.9 (8.8) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −45.5 (−49.9) |
−40.5 (−40.9) |
−36.7 (−34.1) |
−27.1 (−16.8) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
2.9 (37.2) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
−17.2 (1.0) |
−35.9 (−32.6) |
−40.7 (−41.3) |
−45.5 (−49.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 34.0 (1.34) |
27.5 (1.08) |
25.6 (1.01) |
37.8 (1.49) |
48.1 (1.89) |
58.0 (2.28) |
68.1 (2.68) |
75.1 (2.96) |
51.7 (2.04) |
51.5 (2.03) |
43.7 (1.72) |
40.4 (1.59) |
561.5 (22.11) |
| Source: Weather and climate in Shenkursk | |||||||||||||
History
Shenkursk was first mentioned in documents of Novgorod merchants in 1229.[2] In 1315, it was bought by a Novgorod posadnik. Ivan the Terrible referred to this location as the town of Vaga and included it into his oprichnina. At that time, there was a timber fort and a residence of local bishops.
Tsar Feodor I made a grant of Shenkursk to his brother-in-law, Boris Godunov, who bequeathed it to his future son-in-law, Johan of Schleswig-Holstein, who died shortly after arriving to Russia. The Romanovs presented the area to Prince Dmitry Troubetskoy as his votchina. Upon his death, the town was returned to the crown. In 1640–1643, the Tsar ordered a new fortress to be built in Shenkursk. Catherine the Great chartered Shenkursk in 1780, and Shenkursk became the seat of the newly established Shenkursky Uyezd in Vologda Viceroyalty (from 1796, in Arkhangelsk Governorate).[2]
Shenkursk played a prominent role in the Russian Civil War. In the autumn of 1918, about six thousand British and American troops advanced south of Shenkursk. On January 19–25, the Bolshevik troops staged a counteroffensive, known as the Battle of Shenkursk. Three thousand troops, split into three armies, advancing from three sides, cut Shenkursk off and moved the front area 90 kilometers (56 mi) north of Shenkursk.[9]
Shenkursky Uyezd remained in Arkhangelsk Governorate until 1929, when several governorates were merged into Northern Krai and redistricted. In 1936, the krai was transformed into Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Shenkursk serves as the administrative center of Shenkursky District.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Shenkursky District as the town of district significance of Shenkursk.[1] As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Shenkursk is incorporated within Shenkursky Municipal District as Shenkurskoye Urban Settlement.[4]
Economy
Industry
There is timber industry and food industry, including milk production.[10]
Transportation
Shenkursk is located several kilometers east from the M8 Highway—one of the principal highways in Russia—connecting Moscow and Arkhangelsk; however, it lies on the other bank of the Vaga and is only connected with the highway by a ferry crossing. The roads on the right bank of the Vaga are of minor importance and unpaved.
The Vaga is navigable, but there is no passenger navigation.
Culture and recreation
The town contains twenty-one objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local importance.[11] Most of these are merchant houses built prior to 1917 and the remains of the former Holy Trinity Monastery.
Shenkursk hosts the Shenkursky District Museum.[12]
Notable people
- Ratmir Kholmov (1925–2006), Russian chess Grandmaster
References
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 11 258», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 11 258, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
- ^ a b c d Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 524. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b c d e Law #258-vneoch.-OZ
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ Шенкурская операция 1919. Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
- ^ Агропромышленный комплекс (in Russian). Шенкурский муниципальный район. Retrieved June 8, 2011.
- ^ Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
- ^ Шенкурский районный краеведческий музей (in Russian). Российская сеть культурного наследия. Retrieved June 8, 2011.
Sources
- Архангельское областное Собрание депутатов. Областной закон №258-внеоч.-ОЗ от 23 сентября 2004 г. «О статусе и границах территорий муниципальных образований в Архангельской области», в ред. Областного закона №224-13-ОЗ от 16 декабря 2014 г. «Об упразднении отдельных населённых пунктов Соловецкого района Архангельской области и о внесении изменения в статью 46 Областного закона "О статусе и границах территорий муниципальных образований в Архангельской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Волна", №38, 8 октября 2004 г. (Arkhangelsk Oblast Council of Deputies. Oblast Law #258-vneoch.-OZ of September 23, 2004 On the Status and Borders of the Territories of the Municipal Formations in Arkhangelsk Oblast, as amended by the Oblast Law #224-13-OZ of December 16, 2014 On Abolishing Several Inhabited Localities in Solovetsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast and on Amending Article 46 of the Oblast Law "On the Status and Borders of the Territories of the Municipal Formations in Arkhangelsk Oblast". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
External links
- Unofficial website of Shenkursk (in Russian)