National Library at Kolkata romanisation

The National Library at Kolkata romanisation^[1] is a widely used transliteration scheme in dictionaries and grammars of Indic languages. This transliteration scheme is also known as (American) Library of Congress and is nearly identical to one of the possible ISO 15919 variants. The scheme is an extension of the IAST scheme that is used for transliteration of Sanskrit.

Scheme table

The tables below mostly use Devanagari but they also include letters from Kannada, Tamil, Malayalam and Bengali to illustrate the transliteration of non-Devanagari characters.

अ	आ	इ	ई	उ	ऊ	ऋ	ಎ	ए	ऐ	ಒ	ओ	औ	अं	अः
a	ā	i	ī	u	ū	ṛ	e	ē	ai	o	ō	au	aṃ	aḥ

क	ख	ग	घ	ङ	च	छ	ज	झ	ञ
ka	kha	ga	gha	ṅa	ca	cha	ja	jha	ña

ट	ठ	ड	ढ	ण	त	थ	द	ध	न
ṭa	ṭha	ḍa	ḍha	ṇa	ta	tha	da	dha	na

प	फ	ब	भ	म	য	ழ	ಳ	റ	ன
pa	pha	ba	bha	ma	ẏa	ḻa	ḷa	ṟa	ṉa

य	र	ಱ	ल	व	श	ष	स	ह	ೞ
ya	ra	ṟa	la	va	śa	ṣa	sa	ha	ḻa

Computer input by selection from a screen

Many systems provide a way to select Unicode characters visually. ISO/IEC 14755 refers to this as a screen-selection entry method.

Microsoft Windows has provided a Unicode version of the Character Map program (find it by hitting ⊞ Win+R then type charmap then hit ↵ Enter) since version NT 4.0 – appearing in the consumer edition since XP. This is limited to characters in the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP). Characters are searchable by Unicode character name, and the table can be limited to a particular code block. More advanced third-party tools of the same type are also available (a notable freeware example is BabelMap).

macOS provides a "character palette" with much the same functionality, along with searching by related characters, glyph tables in a font, etc. It can be enabled in the input menu in the menu bar under System Preferences → International → Input Menu (or System Preferences → Language and Text → Input Sources) or can be viewed under Edit → Emoji & Symbols in many programs.

Equivalent tools – such as gucharmap (GNOME) or kcharselect (KDE) – exist on most Linux desktop environments.

Font support

Only certain fonts support all Latin Unicode characters for the transliteration of Indic scripts according to the ISO 15919 standard. For example, Tahoma supports almost all the characters needed. Arial and Times New Roman font packages that come with Microsoft Office 2007 and later also support most Latin Extended Additional characters like ḍ, ḥ, ḷ, ḻ, ṁ, ṅ, ṇ, ṛ, ṣ and ṭ.

Literature

Aggarwal, Narindar K. 1985 (1978). A Bibliography of Studies on Hindi Language and Linguistics. 2nd edition. Indian Documentation Service / Academic Press: Gurgaon, Haryana.

External links

Typing a macron – page from Penn State University about typing with accents

References

^ See p 24-26 for table comparing Indic languages, and p 33-34 for Devanagari alphabet listing. "Annex-F: Roman Script Transliteration" (PDF). Indian Standard: Indian Script Code for Information Interchange — ISCII. Bureau of Indian Standards. 1 April 1999. p. 32. Retrieved 20 November 2006.

[NatLib-1] See p 24-26 for table comparing Indic languages, and p 33-34 for Devanagari alphabet listing. "Annex-F: Roman Script Transliteration" (PDF). Indian Standard: Indian Script Code for Information Interchange — ISCII. Bureau of Indian Standards. 1 April 1999. p. 32. Retrieved 20 November 2006.

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