Grasmere (village)
| Grasmere | |
|---|---|
 Grasmere | |
  Grasmere Location within Cumbria | |
| OS grid reference | NY335074 |
| Civil parish | |
| District | |
| Shire county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | AMBLESIDE |
| Postcode district | LA22 |
| Dialling code | 015394 |
| Police | Cumbria |
| Fire | Cumbria |
| Ambulance | North West |
| UK Parliament | |
Grasmere is a village and tourist destination in Cumbria, England, in the centre of the Lake District. It takes its name from the adjacent lake. It has associations with the Lake Poets, one of whom, William Wordsworth, lived in Grasmere for 14 years and called it as "the loveliest spot that man hath ever found."[2] Grasmere lies within the historic county of Westmorland. In 1961, the civil parish had a population of 1,029.[3]
Etymology
One possibility is "the lake (mere) flanked by grass." Although early spellings with "Grys-" or "Gris(s)-" might suggest Old Norse "griss", meaning "young pig" as the first element, evidence points to the Old English/Old Norse "gres", meaning grass, with the modern form influenced by Standard English. The medial "-s(s)e-" may, as suggested by Ekwall,[4] point to the Old Norse "gres-saer" or "grass-lake" as the original name.[5] The element "mere" refers to a still extant word meaning "lake" or "pool".[6]
Geography
The village is on the river Rothay, which flows into Grasmere lake about 0.5 km to the south. The village is overlooked from the north-west by the rocky hill of Helm Crag, popularly known as The Lion and the Lamb or the Old Lady at the Piano. These names are derived from the shape of rock formations on its summit, depending on the side from which you view it.[7]
A number of frequented walks begin in the village, including the ascent of Helm Crag, a longer route up to Fairfield and a moderate 200-metre ascent to Easedale Tarn. The village is also on the route of Alfred Wainwright's Coast to Coast Walk.[8]
The main A591 road connects Grasmere to the Vale of Keswick over Dunmail Raise to the north, and Ambleside to the south. In other directions, Grasmere is surrounded by high ground. (At Christmas 2015, the A591 was washed away on the Keswick side of Dunmail Raise, causing traffic to make a long detour. The route reopened in May 2016.) To the west, a long ridge comes down from High Raise and contains the lesser heights of Blea Rigg and Silver How. To the east, Grasmere is bordered by the western ridge of the Fairfield horseshoe.
Transport
Grasmere is served by the Stagecoach 555 bus service connecting towns in and near the Lake District, such as Keswick and Lancaster.[9] In summer it is also served by a Stagecoach open-top double-decker 599 service, which runs between Grasmere and Bowness-on-Windermere.
Communal events
Rushbearing
Grasmere's famous Rushbearing Ceremony, centred on St Oswald's Church, has ancient origins. The present-day ceremony is an annual event which features a procession through the village with bearings made from rushes and flowers. In this procession there are also six Maids of Honour, a brass band, the church choir, and others carrying their own decorated rush-bearing.
Sports
The annual Grasmere Sports in August were first held in 1852. Participants compete in a variety of sports, including Cumberland wrestling, fell running and hound trails (similar to drag hunting).[10]
Sweetmeats
Grasmere contains the winner of the "Get Started Award 2014" awarded by the Institute of Enterprise and Entrepreneurs: the Handmade Chocolate Shop.[11] Grasmere Gingerbread is made to a "secret recipe" popularised by Sarah Nelson (1815–1904).[12][13] By the early 19th century, Grasmere gingerbread was being sold as fairings and as a popular seller in its own right.[14] Poet Dorothy Wordsworth wrote in 1803 that she and her brother William craved the gingerbread.[14]
Religious
Until September 2013, Grasmere's three main church parishes (Catholic, Church of England and Methodist) gathered three times a year to celebrate mass in the Catholic Church of Our Lady of the Wayside.
Government
The former civil parish was governed by an urban district council, before becoming part of the Lakes UDC in 1934. The village is now part of Lakes parish. Grasmere is represented by Liberal Democrat politicians on the district and county councils, and at Westminster.[15] Grasmere has undergone a population decline since the 1960s.[16]
Notable persons
In birth order:
- William Wordsworth (1770–1850), poet, lived in Dove Cottage with his sister Dorothy Wordsworth (1771–1855), in the hamlet of Townend, outside Grasmere, from 1799. He breakfasted with Sir Walter Scott at The Swan, an inn on today's A591, whose sign quotes his line, "Who does not know the famous Swan?" In 1808 he moved to Allan Bank then to Rydal Mount. He, his wife and his sister are buried in the churchyard of St Oswald's.
- Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772–1834), poet, spent time at Dove Cottage and is said to have muttered stanzas for The Rime of the Ancient Mariner while walking across the nearby fells.[17]
- Thomas de Quincey (1785–1859), man of letters, rented Dove Cottage after the Wordsworths left.[18]
- Paul Frederick de Quincey (1828–1894), son of Thomas and a New Zealand politician, was born at Grasmere.
- William Angus Knight (1836–1916), a Scottish academic, compiled an 11-volume Wordsworth's Works and Life (1881–1889) and presented his library of Wordsworth materials to Dove Cottage.
- William Archibald Spooner (1844–1930), an Oxford University academic and instigator of spoonerisms, was buried here, near the house of his wife's family, How Foot.
- Canon Hardwicke Drummond Rawnsley (1851–1920), co-founder of the National Trust, lived in Grasmere in 1915–1920.
- John Haden Badley (1865–1967), educationalist and founder of Bedales School, spent time with his sisters at their Grasmere home, Winterseeds.
- Brigadier Gordon Hutchinson Osmaston (1898–1990), a founder member of the Himalayan Club and former director of the Survey of India, taught later at Huyton Hill School and lived in Grasmere.[19]
- Charles Morris (1898–1990), philosopher and Leeds University vice-chancellor, died at Grasmere.
- The husband-and-wife artists William Heaton Cooper (1903–1995), landscape painter, and Ophelia Gordon Bell (1915–1975), sculptor, lived and are buried at Grasmere.
- Fred Yates (1922–2008), painter, was living at Cote How near Grasmere (1900–1906) when he painted the future United States president Woodrow Wilson and John Haden Badley.
- Robert Woof (1931–2005), academic, was the first keeper of the collections of the William Wordsworth Museum at Dove Cottage.
- Bob Barratt (1938 or 1939–2004) was the founder of the Grasmere Records label for brass band and organ music.
References
- ^ http://democracy.southlakeland.gov.uk/mgParishCouncilDetails.aspx?ID=330&LS=3
- ^ A Farewell. Retrieved 2 December 2013
- ^ "Population Statistics Grasmere AP/Ch/CP through time". Vision of Britain. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
- ^ Ekwall, Eilert (1960). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names (4th ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. l, 546.
- ^ Whaley, Diana (2006). A Dictionary of Lake District Place-names. Nottingham: English Place-Name Society. pp. lx, 423 p. 136. ISBN 0904889726.
- ^ Whaley, 2006, p. 411.
- ^ Retrieved on 7 February 2008.
- ^ Wainwright: Coast to Coast Archived 13 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 29 March 2014.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Visit Cumbria. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
- ^ The IOEE brings together the enterprise sector for House of Lords celebration Archived 25 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 25 October 2014.
- ^ Grasmere Gingerbread Co: History. Retrieved on 27 August 2012.
- ^ Caroline Davies. The Guardian:Wordsworth's village bakers fight over their gingerbread. Retrieved on 27 August 2012.
- ^ a b Broomfield, Andrea (2007). Food and cooking in Victorian England: a history (1st ed.). Westport: Praeger Publishers. pp. 161–163. ISBN 0-275-98708-6.
- ^ Tim Farron MP
- ^ Retrieved on 7 February 2008 Archived 17 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Retrieved on 6 February 2008 Archived 28 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Visit Cumbria: St Oswald's church
- ^ [https://sites.google.com/site/huytonhillschool/gordon-osmaston , https://www.himalayanclub.org/hj/48/2/gordon-osmaston-and-tenzing/.
External links
- Cumbria County History Trust: Grasmere (nb: provisional research only – see Talk page)
- South Lakeland – Ward Profiles
- The Cumbria Directory – Grasmere
- Template:Dmoz
- Lake District Walks – Grasmere Walks
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