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Stephen Van Rensselaer IV

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Stephen Van Rensselaer IV
10th Patroon and 7th Lord of the Manor of Rensselaerswyck
Preceded byStephen Van Rensselaer III
Succeeded byAbolished
Personal details
Born(1789-03-29)March 29, 1789
Albany, New York
DiedMay 28, 1868(1868-05-28) (aged 79)
Albany, New York
Spouse(s)
Harriet Elizabeth Bayard
​
​
(m. 1817; "his death" is deprecated; use "died" instead. 1868)​
RelationsSee Van Rensselaer family and Schuyler family
Children8
Parent(s)Stephen Van Rensselaer III
Margarita "Peggy" Schuyler
Alma materPrinceton University
Military service
Allegiance United States of America
Branch/serviceNew York (state) New York State Militia
RankMajor general

Stephen Van Rensselaer (March 29, 1789 – May 28, 1868), known as the "Young Patroon"[1] and sometimes the "last of the patroons"[2] was the last patroon of Rensselaerswyck.[3]

Early life

Van Rensselaer was born on March 29, 1789 in Albany, New York. He was the son of Stephen Van Rensselaer III (1765–1839), and Margarita "Peggy" Schuyler (1758–1801).[4] His father served as Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1795 to 1801, elected with Governor John Jay.[2]

He was one of three children, and the only to live to adulthood, born to his parents before his mother's premature death in 1801.[2] Shortly thereafter in 1802, his father married Cornelia Paterson,[5] daughter of William Paterson, the 2nd Governor of New Jersey, and later, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Through his father's second marriage, Van Rensselaer became a half-brother to Cortlandt Van Rensselaer (1808–1860), and Henry Bell Van Rensselaer (1810–1864), a United States Representative in the House of Representatives and brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War.[6]

Stephen graduated from Princeton University in 1808.[7]

Family

Main article: Van Rensselaer family

His paternal grandfather was Stephen Van Rensselaer II (1742–1769), patroon of Rensselaerswyck, a large land grant in upstate New York awarded by the Dutch to his ancestor Kiliaen van Rensselaer (1586–1643). His paternal grandmother was Catharina Livingston (1745–1810), daughter of Philip Livingston, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. His grandfather died in 1769 when his father was only five.[8] His maternal grandfather was Philip Schuyler (1733–1804), a Revolutionary War general. His maternal grandmother was Catherine Van Rensselaer (1734–1803), the daughter of Johannes van Rensselaer (1707/08–1783) and his first wife, Engeltje "Angelica" Livingston (1698–1746/47). Johannes was the grandson of Hendrick van Rensselaer (1667–1740)

Career

Van Rensselaer served in the New York Militia, and retired with the title of Major General.[2]

Rensselaerswyck manor

Main article: Manor of Rensselaerswyck

After his father's death in 1839, he inherited the "West Manor" of Rensselaerswyck through his father's will. He made many improvements to the Manor House, which was largely reconstructed and refitted from designs by British architect Richard Upjohn,[2] and moved to the home from his residence in New York City on June 3, 1840.[1] His father's will directed him and his brothers to collect and apply the back rents (approximately US$400,000 (equivalent to $11,400,000 in 2023)) toward the payment of the patroon's debts. Once the rent notices went out, the farmers organized and held public meetings in protest. Van Rensselaer refused to meet with a committee of anti-renters and turned down their written request for a reduction of rents or any other settlement. His refusal infuriated the farmers and on July 4, 1839, a meeting was called at Berne for a declaration of independence from landlord rule.[9] Van Rensselaer and the other heirs secured writs of ejectment in suits against tenants in arrears. There were crowds of angry tenants that turned into a posse of 500 men. Governor William H. Seward was called for military assistance and issued a proclamation calling on the people not to resist the enforcement of the law. While the tenants continued refusing to pay rent, the sheriff evicted some, but was unable to dispossess an entire township.[9]

By 1845, the anti-renters succeeded in getting the New York State Legislature to abolish the right of the landlord to seize the goods of a defaulting tenant and taxed the income which landlords derived from their rent. Soon thereafter, the Constitutional Convention of 1846 prohibited any future lease of agricultural land which claimed rent or service for a period longer than twelve years, but did not address existing leases.[9]

Between 1846 and 1851, the anti-renters elected sheriffs and local officials who paralyzed the efforts of the landlords to collect rents and threw their weight to the candidates of either major party who would support their cause. Rivalries between and within the Whig and Democratic parties enabled the anti-renters to exert more influence than their numbers warranted. As a result, they had a small but determined bloc of anti-rent champions in the Assembly and the Senate who kept landlords uneasy by threatening to pass laws challenging land titles.[9]

The anti-rent endorsement of John Young, the Whig candidate for governor in 1846, proved decisive. Governor Young promptly pardoned several anti-rent prisoners and called for an investigation of titles by the Attorney General. The courts eventually ruled the statute of limitations prevented any questioning of the original titles. Declaring that the holders of perpetual leases were in reality freeholders, the Court of Appeals outlawed the "quarter sales," i.e., the requirement in many leases that a tenant who disposed of his farm should pay one-fourth of the money to the landlord.[9]

As their position became more tenuous, the landed proprietors gradually sold out their interests. In August 1845, seventeen large landholders announced that they were willing to sell. Later that year, Van Rensselaer agreed to sell his rights in the Helderberg townships. In 1848, his brother, William, who had inherited the "East Manor" in Rensselaer County, also sold out his rights in over 500 farms. Finally, in the 1850s, two speculators purchased the remaining leases from the van Rensselaers.[9] After his widow's death, the Manor house became part of the general estate.[1]

Personal life

Van Rensselaer's wife, Harriet Elizabeth Bayard

He was married on January 2, 1813 to Harriet Elizabeth Bayard (1799–1875),[1] daughter of William Bayard (1761–1826) of New York City.[1] Together, they had the following children survive to adulthood:[2]

  • Margaret Schuyler Van Rensselaer (1819–1897), who married John de Peyster Douw (1812–1901)[10] in 1837.[11] They divorced and in 1851,[12] she married Wilmot Johnson (1820–1899)[13][14]
  • Cornelia Patterson Van Rensselaer (1823–1897), who married Nathaniel Thayer Jr. (1808–1883)[12]
  • Stephen Van Rensselaer (1824–1861),[15] who married Annie Louise Wild in 1858.[2]
  • Catherine Van Rensselaer (1827–1909), who married Nathaniel Berry (1811–1865)[2]
  • Justine Van Rensselaer (1828–1912), who married Dr. Howard Townsend (1823–1867)[2][16]
  • Bayard Van Rensselaer (1833–1859), who married Laura Reynolds (1830–1912), aunt to Marcus T. Reynolds[17]
  • Harriet Van Rensselaer (1838–1911),[18] who married John Schuyler Crosby (1839–1914)[2]
  • Eugene Van Rensselaer (1840–1925),[19] who married Sarah Boyd Pendleton (1846–1923), a descendant of Elisha Boyd

Stephen Van Rensselaer IV died on May 28, 1868 in Albany, New York.[3][7] In his will, he left the Van Rensselaer Manor House and grounds, as well as US$15,000 (equivalent to $300,000 in 2023) a year, to his widow.[20] About 2,500 acres between the Troy and Shaker roads, north of the Manor House and in which he had a life estate, reverted to his half-brother, William Paterson Van Rensselaer.[12] The remainder of the estate was divided among his children or the heirs of his children that predeceased him.[20] The property was valued at about US$1,500,000 (equivalent to $34,300,000 in 2023).[20]

Descendants

His grandson was John Eliot Thayer (1862–1933), an amateur ornithologist.[2] His granddaughter, Cornelia Van Rensselaer Thayer (1849–1903) married J. Hampden Robb (1846–1911), a New York State Senator, in 1868.[21] Their daughter, Van Rensselaer's great-granddaughter, Cornelia Van Rensselaer Thayer (b. 1881) married Danish Count Carl Moltke (1869–1935) in 1907.[22]

Through his grandson, Stephen Van Rensselaer Crosby (1868–1959),[23][24] he was the great-grandfather of Henry Sturgis Crosby (1898–1929), a bon vivant, poet, and publisher who for some epitomized the Lost Generation in American literature,[25] who was married to Mary Phelps Jacob (1891–1970).[26]

References

Notes
  1. ^ a b c d e "THE VAN RENSSELAER FAMILY.; REMINISCENCES OF THEIR SETTLEMENT IN THIS STATE THEIR INFLUENCE AND POWER". The New York Times. July 25, 1875. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Spooner, Walter Whipple (1 January 1900). "Van Rensselaer family". American Historical Magazine (Vol. 2 Issue 1). [S.l. : s.n. Retrieved 8 November 2016. {{cite journal}}: |issue= has extra text (help)
  3. ^ a b "Death of Stephen Van Rensselaer, the Patroon, of Albany". The New York Times. 26 May 1868. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  4. ^ Bielinski, Stefan. "Margarita Schuyler Van Rensselaer". New York State Museum. Archived from the original on 16 February 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  5. ^ Reynolds, Cuyler (1914). Genealogical and Family History of Southern New York, Volume 3. New York: Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 1166, 1341.
  6. ^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Cabell, Isa Carrington (1889). "Van Rensselaer, Killian" . In Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J. (eds.). Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
  7. ^ a b Pegels, C. Carl. "Stephen Van Rensselaer IV". www.newnetherlandinstitute.org. New Netherland Institute. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  8. ^ Bielinski, Stefan. "Stephen Van Rensselaer III", nysm.nysed.gov; accessed April 15, 2016.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Ellis et al. 1967, pp. 158–61.
  10. ^ "DEATH LIST OF A DAY.; John de Peyster Douw". The New York Times. January 31, 1901. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  11. ^ Reynolds, Cuyler (1911). Hudson-Mohawk Genealogical and Family Memoirs: A Record of Achievements of the People of the Hudson and Mohawk Valleys in New York State, Included Within the Present Counties of Albany, Rensselaer, Washington, Saratoga, Montgomery, Fulton, Schenectady, Columbia and Greene. Lewis Historical Publishing Company. Retrieved 9 November 2016. Margaret Schuyler Van Rensselaer (1819–1897).
  12. ^ a b c Sullivan, Robert G. "Hudson-Mohawk Genealogical and Family Memoirs: Van Rensselaer". www.schenectadyhistory.org. Schenectady County Public Library. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  13. ^ "Obituary". The Times-Union. September 16, 1897.
  14. ^ "Obituary Notes". The New York Times. September 10, 1899. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  15. ^ "GENERAL CITY NEWS". The New York Times. 10 April 1861. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  16. ^ "Dr. Howard Townsend". The New York Times. January 20, 1867. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  17. ^ "MARCUS REYNOLDS, ALBANY ARCHITECT; Authority Who Was to Have Addressed American Academy in Rome Dies at 67". The New York Times. March 19, 1937. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  18. ^ "MRS. HARRIET CROSBY DIES; She Was Youngest Daughter of Gen. Stephen Van Rensselaer". The New York Times. December 18, 1911. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  19. ^ "EUGENE VAN RENSSELAER.; Member of Old New York Family Dies From Apoplexy at 84". The New York Times. August 6, 1925. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  20. ^ a b c "The Van Rensselaer Estate--The Will of the Late Patroon". The New York Times. 2 July 1868. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  21. ^ "J. HAMPDEN ROBB, EX-SENATOR, DEAD; Retired Merchant and Banker Was Once Active in Councils of Democratic Party". The New York Times. January 22, 1911. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
  22. ^ "Miss Thayer is Countess. Weds Danish Noble at Lancaster. Ceremony at Country Home by Bishop Lawrence. Moltke, Diplomat, is the Bridegroom". New York Times. 30 June 1907. Retrieved 26 March 2011. This noon, at ... beautiful country seat of Mr and ... National Thayer, their daughter, ... Cornelia Van Rennsealaer Thayer ... Count Carl Moltke of Copenhagen, ... were married...
  23. ^ Times, Special To The New York (4 January 1959). "STEPHEN VAN R. CROSBY". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  24. ^ Greenberg, Arnie. "The Glory Years: The Crosbys: Harry and Caresse". Bonjour Paris. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  25. ^ Wolff 2003, pp. 12.
  26. ^ Conover, Anne (1989). Caresse Crosby: From Black Sun to Roccasinibalda. Santa Barbara, California: Capra Press. ISBN 0-595-15928-1.
Sources
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