Norham Castle, Sunrise is an oil on canvas painting by English painter J. M. W. Turner, created around 1845. The painting was bequeathed to the National Gallery of British Art (now Tate Britain) as part of the Turner Bequest in 1856. It remains in the collection to this day.
Background
Norham is a village in Northumberland, England in the border country between England and Scotland. The castle was a key stronghold overlooking the River Tweed and was frequently attacked by the Scots.[1] Turner visited the castle and the surrounding country in 1797. Following his journey, Turner created the watercolor Norham Castle: Sunrise, which was exhibited at the Royal Academy of Arts in 1798 to critical acclaim.[2] Turner revisted the ruins in 1801. In 1806, Turner began work on his Liber Studiorum, a collection of monochrome landscape prints. Norham Castle, Sunrise was among a series of unfinished colored reworkings of these prints. The source for this painting in particular was the Tate Collection's Liber catalogue's plate no. 57, Norham Castle on the Tweed, published in 1816.[3][4]
Previous depictions
Norham Castle: Sunrise, c. 1798
Norham Castle on the Tweed, c. 1816
Analysis
The blurring of warm and cool colors is typical of Turner's style, seeking to place more emphasis on light and atmosphere rather than physical detail.