Edward Stirling Dickson
Edward Stirling Dickson | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1765 |
| Died | 28 January 1844 |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service | Royal Navy |
| Years of service | 1772–1830 |
| Rank | Vice-Admiral |
| Commands | HMS Frederick HMS Victorieuse HMS Inconstant HMS Stately HMS Rivoli HMS Ganges |
Vice-Admiral Edward Stirling Dickson (1765 – 28 January 1844) was a Royal Navy officer who served in the American Revolutionary War, the French Revolutionary Wars, and the Napoleonic Wars.
Early career
He joined the Royal Navy in 1772, at the age of seven, and first saw service at the Battle of Sullivan's Island in 1776 aboard HMS Actaeon, which ran ashore and was destroyed to keep her from being captured. He was transferred to HMS Bristol and was present at the capture of New York City, and then transferred into HMS Aeolus where he assisted in the capture of the French frigate Prudente. In 1780, at the age of 15, he was appointed Lieutenant, and appointed to the captured frigate HMS Artois. He later served aboard HMS Sampson at the relief of Gibraltar.[1]
French Revolutionary Wars
He was wounded at the Glorious First of June in 1794, where he was the second lieutenant of the third-rate HMS Caesar. He was then assigned to the West Indies, commanding the cutter HMS Frederick; he led the ship against a much more powerful French privateer, and was promoted to take command of the brig HMS Victorieuse as reward. He advised the local commander, Admiral Henry Harvey, that Trinidad was ripe for capture, and helped lead the fleet which captured the island in 1797.[1]
During his service in the Caribbean he captured a privateer whilst protecting a convoy to St. Kitts, and led a force which captured the fortifications on Margarita Island[1] in December 1798.[2] He then led a boarding attack on a privateer in the harbour, and whilst his force captured the ship, he himself was severely wounded in the head. He was promoted to post-captain, and rewarded with a sword from Thomas Picton, the Governor of Trinidad.[1]
Napoleonic Wars
In 1804, commanding HMS Inconstant, he led a force which captured the West African island of Gorée (now in modern Senegal), and then commanded a squadron blockading St. Malo. In the summer of 1809 he served on the panel of judges at the Court-martial of James, Lord Gambier which assessed whether Admiral Lord Gambier had failed to support Captain Lord Cochrane at the Battle of Basque Roads in April 1809. Gambier was controversially cleared of all charges. [3] In 1809 he was ordered with Inconstant to the Isle de France (Mauritius), but she grounded north of the Cape of Good Hope. His solution to this problem – repeatedly heaving the keel out and righting her when the tide came in – was admired by Admiral Bertie as an excellent feat of seamanship.[1]
By 1811 he was in command of HMS Stately, fighting at the defence of Cadiz,[4] and led a force at the siege of Tariffa, for which he received the thanks of the Admiralty.[1] On 27 August 1812 he was transferred to command HMS Swiftsure, which had had a succession of temporary commanders since her former commander Temple Hardy had been taken ill in May.[5] He commanded her during a blockade of the port of Toulon.[1] He was transferred to command HMS Rivoli on 22 February 1814,[5] which saw extensive service in the period after Napoleon's escape from Elba. Whilst blockading Naples, he attempted to capture two ships-of-the-line by boarding them in the harbour,[1] and later intercepted and captured the French frigate Melpomène, which was attempting to bring Napoleon's mother and sister to France.[6] This action, on 30 April, was the first French ship to surrender during the Hundred Days.[7] He later was assigned to command the expedition against Portoferraio, and the final capture of Elba, giving him the distinction of striking the first and the last French tricolours of the Hundred Days.[6]
Later career
After the French surrender, he served on a diplomatic mission to Tunis,[6] and was later appointed to command the second-rate HMS Ganges.[8] He was appointed a Rear-Admiral of the Blue on 23 July 1830,[9] which ended his seagoing service,[6] and a Vice-Admiral of the White on 23 November 1841.[10]
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h Obituary, p.538
- ^ VICTORIEUSE (12)
- ^ Gurney, W.B. (1809). Minutes of a court-martial . . . on the trial of James Lord Gambier. Mottey, Harrison & Miller.
- ^ STATELY (64)
- ^ a b Goodwin, Peter (2005). The Ships of Trafalgar: The British, French and Spanish Fleets, 21 October 1805. Chrysalis Books. ISBN 1-84486-015-9.
- ^ a b c d Obituary, p.539
- ^ Haydn's Book of Dignities (1851), p. 205. Online edition
- ^ HMS Ganges Association Archived 29 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ The Times, p.2, 24 July 1830
- ^ The Times, p.4, 25 November 1841
References
- "Obituary of Vice-Admiral Dickson". The Gentleman's Magazine. 176 (May 1844). 1844.