Mendelian traits in humans
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Mendelian traits in humans concerns how, in Mendelian inheritance, a child receiving a dominant allele from either parent will have the dominant form of the phenotypic trait or characteristic. Only those that received the recessive allele from both parents, known as zygosity, will have the recessive phenotype. Those that receive a dominant allele from one parent and a recessive allele from the other parent will have the dominant form of the trait. Purely Mendelian traits are a tiny minority of all traits, since most phenotypic traits exhibit incomplete dominance, codominance, and contributions from many genes.
The recessive phenotype may theoretically skip any number of generations, lying dormant in heterozygous "carrier" individuals until they have children with someone who also has the recessive allele and both pass it on to their child.
Examples
These traits include:
- Albinism (recessive)[2]: 53
- Achondroplasia[2]: 53
- Alkaptonuria[2]: 53, 263
- Ataxia telangiectasia[2]: 53
- Brachydactyly (shortness of fingers and toes)[2]: 53
- Colour blindness[2]: 53 (monochromatism, dichromatism, anomalous trichromatism, tritanopia, deuteranopia, protanopia)
- Cystic fibrosis[2]: 53
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy[2]: 53
- Ectrodactyly[citation needed]
- Ehlers–Danlos syndrome[2]: 53
- Fabry disease[citation needed]
- Galactosemia[2]: 53
- Gaucher's disease[citation needed]
- Haemophilia[2]: 53
- Hereditary breast–ovarian cancer syndrome[citation needed]
- Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer[citation needed]
- HFE hereditary haemochromatosis
- Huntington's disease[2]: 53
- Hypercholesterolemia[2]: 53
- Krabbe disease[citation needed]
- Lactase persistence (dominant)[citation needed]
- Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy[citation needed]
- Lesch–Nyhan syndrome[2]: 53
- Marfan syndrome[2]: 53
- Niemann–Pick disease[citation needed]
- Phenylketonuria[2]: 53
- Porphyria[2]: 53
- Retinoblastoma[citation needed]
- Sickle-cell disease[2]: 53
- Sanfilippo syndrome[citation needed]
- Tay–Sachs disease[2]: 53
- Wet (dominant) or dry (recessive) earwax – dry is found mostly in Asians and Native Americans[3]
References
- ^ a b "Inheritance of Sickle Cell Anaemia – Sickle Cell Society". Archived from the original on 2018-03-27. Retrieved 2015-12-29.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Klug, William S.; Cummings, Michael R.; Spencer, Charlotte A.; Palladino, Michael A. (2012). Essentials of Genetics. Pearson. ISBN 978-0-321-80311-5.
- ^ "Myths of Human Genetics: Earwax".
Further reading
- Mange, Elaine J.; Mange, Arthur R. (1999). Basic Human Genetics (second ed.). Sunderland (MA): Sinauer. ISBN 978-0-87893-497-3.
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ignored (help) - Speicher, Michael R.; Antonarakis, Stylianos E.; Motulsky, Arno G., eds. (2010). Vogel and Motulsky's Human Genetics: Problems and Approaches. Heidelberg: Springer Scientific. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-37654-5. ISBN 978-3-540-37653-8.
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