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MrSID

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MrSID
Filename extension
.sid
Internet media type
image/x-mrsid, image/x.mrsid, image/x-mrsid-image
Developed byExtensis
Latest release
MG4 (MrSID Generation 4)[1]
Type of formatLossless or lossy bitmap image format
Websitewww.extensis.com/mrsid-file-format

MrSID (pronounced Mister Sid) is an acronym that stands for multiresolution seamless image database. It is a file format (filename extension .sid) developed and patented[2][3] by LizardTech (in October 2018 absorbed into Extensis)[4] for encoding of georeferenced raster graphics, such as orthophotos.

MrSID originated as the result of research efforts at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL).[5][6]

Common uses

Geographic information systems

MrSID was originally developed for Geographic Information Systems (GIS).[5] With this format, large raster image files such as aerial photographs or satellite imagery are compressed and can be quickly viewed without having to decompress the entire file.[7]

The MrSID (.sid) format is supported in major GIS applications such as Autodesk, Bentley Systems, CARIS, ENVI, ERDAS, ESRI, Intergraph, MapInfo, and QGIS[citation needed].

Fingerprints

According to the Open Source Geospatial Foundation (which releases GDAL), MrSID was developed "under the aegis of the U.S. government for storing fingerprints for the FBI."[8]

Other uses

In a 1996 entry for the R&D 100 Awards, LANL identified other uses for the format: "it can be used as an efficient method for storing and retrieving photographic archives; it can store and retrieve satellite data for consumer games and educational CD-ROMs; and it is well suited for use in vehicle navigation systems. Moreover, MrSID holds promise for being used in image compression and editing for desktop publishing and nonlinear digital video software."[5]

For certain downloadable images (such as maps), American Memory at the Library of Congress began using MrSID in 1996; in January 2005 it also began using JPEG 2000.[6] Depending on image content and color depth, compression of American Memory maps is typically better with MrSID, which on average achieves a compression ratio of approximately 22:1 versus the 20:1 achieved with JPEG 2000.[9]

Software

Extensis offers a software package called GeoExpress to read and write MrSID files. They also provide a free web browser plug-in for the Microsoft Windows operating system. (A Macintosh OS version of this viewer, introduced in 2005, was discontinued.) Most commercial GIS software packages can read some versions of MrSID files including those from GE Smallworld, ESRI, Intergraph, Bentley Systems, MapInfo, Safe Software, Autodesk, with ERDAS IMAGINE being able to both read and write MrSID files. GeoExpress can also generate JPEG 2000 (.jp2) data. When combined with LizardTech's Express Server, .sid and .jp2 data can be served quickly to a variety of GIS applications and other client applications either through direct integrations or via WMS.

There is no open source implementation of the MrSID format. Some open source GIS systems can read MrSID files, including MapWindow GIS and those based on GDAL. The Decode Software Development Kit (SDK) is made available as a free download from Extensis. This enables the capability to implement MrSID reading capability in any application.

Some image editing and management software systems can also read MrSID files, including XnView and IrfanView.

Technology

Encoding

MrSID technology uses lossless wavelet compression to create an initial image. Then the encoder divides the image into zoom levels, subbands, subblocks and bitplanes. After the initial encoding, the image creator can apply zero or more optimizations. While 2:1 compression ratios may be achieved losslessly, higher compression rates are lossy much like JPEG-compressed data.

Decoding

MrSID uses selective decoding meaning that the decoder does not have to decode the entire file to view a specific zoom level, image quality or scene for example.

References

  1. ^ LizardTech Releases MrSID Generation 4 Decode SDK - July 23, 2009, Press Room - Press Release, LizardTech (archived)
  2. ^ "LizardTech files appeal in patent lawsuit". GEO World. December 1, 2004. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved 2010-10-15.
  3. ^ US patent 5710835, Jonathan N. Bradley, "Storage and retrieval of large digital images", issued 1998-2-20 
  4. ^ Osamu Ikeda (2 October 2018). "Extensis and LizardTech Unite as One Company". Extensis blog. Archived from the original on 12 October 2018. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
  5. ^ a b c "Multiresolution Seamless Image Database (MrSID)". 1996 R&D 100 Awards Entry Summaries. Los Alamos National Laboratory. 1996. Retrieved 2010-10-15.
  6. ^ a b "American Memory Help: Wavelet Compression Technology". American Memory. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2010-10-15.
  7. ^ "MrSID Image Format, Generation 3". Digital Preservation. Library of Congress. 2012-11-13. Retrieved 2014-03-13.
  8. ^ "MrSID — Multi-resolution Seamless Image Database". GDAL. Open Source Geospatial Foundation. Retrieved 2010-10-15.
  9. ^ "Maps: Download and View Maps Offline". American Memory. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2010-10-15.
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