Torslunda plates
| Torslunda plates | |
|---|---|
 The four Torslunda plates | |
| Material | Bronze |
| Created | c. 6th–8th century AD[1] |
| Discovered | 1870 Torslunda, Öland |
| Present location | Statens Historiska Museum |
The Torslunda plates are four cast bronze dies found in the Torslunda parish on the Swedish island Öland.[2] They display figures in relief,[3] representing what are presumed to be traditional scenes from Germanic mythology.[4] The plates were designed for production rather than display; by placing thin sheets of foil against the scenes and hammering or otherwise applying pressure from the back, identical images could be quickly mass-produced.[2] The resulting pressblech foils would be used to decorate rich helmets of the sort found at Vendel, Valsgärde, and Sutton Hoo. Two of the plates may have been made as casts of existing pressblech foils.
Discovery
The plates were discovered in a cairn in early 1870, and are in the collection of the Statens Historiska Museum.[5] They are considered "famous",[2] for they contain full scenes from mythology, unlike the fragmentary and degraded scraps of pressblech foils that are known. The plates have been exhibited internationally, including from 13 May to 26 June 1966, when they were part of the exhibition Swedish Gold at the British Museum.[6][7] The plates have been dated to the Vendel Period of the 6th and 7th centuries.[8]
Description
Each plate contains a different mythological design, traditionally labeled, displayed here counterclockwise from the bottom right A to D, as "man between bears", "man with axe holding roped animal", "walking warriors carrying spears" and "dancing man with horned head-dress and man with spear wearing wolfskin".[2][9]
Interpretation
The last depiction is particularly well known for its missing right eye, shown by a laser scanner to have been struck out, likely from the original used to make the mould.[10] This recalls the one-eyed Norse god Odin, said to have given an eye to be allowed to drink from a well whose waters contained wisdom and intelligence,[11] and suggests that the figure on the plate is him.[10][12] He is depicted along with a wolfman, interpreted as a Berkerser (Úlfhéðinn).[13][8] The latter is perhaps a pars pro toto embodying the wolf-warriors led in exctasic dance by the god of frenzy.[13]
References
- ^ Price & Mortimer 2014, p. 531.
- ^ a b c d Bruce-Mitford 1968, p. 233.
- ^ Bruce-Mitford 1968, p. 234.
- ^ Beck 1968, pp. 237–238.
- ^ Hagberg 1976, pp. 323–324.
- ^ Bruce-Mitford 1968, p. 235.
- ^ Bowring 2012, p. 19.
- ^ a b Liberman 2016, p. 133.
- ^ Axboe 1987, p. 13.
- ^ a b Arrhenius & Freij 1992, p. 76.
- ^ Price & Mortimer 2014, p. 532.
- ^ Kershaw 1997, p. 12.
- ^ a b Kershaw 1997, p. 13.
Bibliography
- Arrhenius, Birgit; Freij, Henry (1992). "'Pressbleck' Fragments from the East Mound in Old Uppsala Analyzed with a Laser Scanner" (PDF). Laborativ Arkeologi (6). Stockholm University: 75–110.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help)
- Axboe, Morten (1987). "Copying in Antiquity: The Torslunda Plates". In Häßler, Hans-Jürgen (ed.). Studien zur Sachsenforschung. Vol. 6. Hildesheim: Lax. pp. 13–21. ISBN 3-7848-1617-7.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Beck, Heinrich (December 1968). "Die Stanzen von Torslunda und die literarische Überlieferung". Frühmittelalterliche Studien. 2. Münster: 237–250. doi:10.1515/9783110242027.237.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Bowring, Joanna (2012). Turquet, Josephine (ed.). Chronology of Temporary Exhibitions at the British Museum (PDF). British Museum Research Publications. Vol. 189. London: The British Museum. ISBN 978-0-86159-189-3.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Bruce-Mitford, Rupert (December 1968). "Fresh observations on the Torslunda Plates". Frühmittelalterliche Studien. 2. Münster: 233–236. doi:10.1515/9783110242027.233.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Bruce-Mitford, Rupert (1974). Aspects of Anglo-Saxon Archaeology: Sutton Hoo and Other Discoveries. London: Victor Gollancz. ISBN 0-575-01704-X.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Hagberg, Ulf Erik (December 1976). "Fundort und Fundgebiet der Modeln aus Torslunda". Frühmittelalterliche Studien. 10. Münster: 323–349. doi:10.1515/9783110242096.323.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Kershaw, Priscilla K. (1997). The One-eyed God : Odin and the (Indo-)Germanic Männerbünde. Monograph Series. Vol. 36. Journal of Indo-European Studies. ISBN 978-0941694742.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Liberman, Anatoly (2016). "Berserk Rage through the Ages". Valla Journal. 2 (1).
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Price, Neil; Mortimer, Paul (2014). "An Eye for Odin? Divine Role-Playing in the Age of Sutton Hoo". European Journal of Archaeology. 17 (3). European Association of Archaeologists: 517–538. doi:10.1179/1461957113Y.0000000050.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help)
