Glossary of ant terms
A
B
- Berlese funnel
device used to extract ants and other living organism from soil and leaf-litter samples; a sample is placed on a screen with a funnel beneath, and a heat source above; the drying forces the animals downwards, where they fall into a collecting jar, usually filled with alcohol[1]
- bivouac
- in army and driver ants, nest formed by the bodies of the ants themselves to protect the queen and larvae[1]
D
- dulosis
- see slave-making[1]
- dichthadiiform
- wingless queen with enlarged gaster, having a broadened head, very small eyes and worker-like alitrunk[2][3]
- domatium
in plants, tiny chamber produced by plants to house arthropods[4]
E
- epigaeic
living or foraging above the ground[1]
- ergate
- a member of the non-reproductive, laboring caste.
- ergatogyne
denotes any intercaste female morphologically intermediate between workers and (winged) queens, not restricted to the reproductive caste; formerly often used interchangeably to refer to ergatoid queens[5]
- ergatoid
a wingless (dealate) reproductive adult ant, anatomically intermediate in form between workers and winged queens or males[5]
F
- fungivorous
- feeding on fungi[1]
G
- gamergate
- a mated, egg-laying, female worker in species lacking a queen[5]
- granivorous
- seed herbivory, feeding on grain[1]
- gyne
- a member of the female reproductive caste[1]
H
- haplometrosis
colony founding by a single queen[6]
- hypogaeic
subterranean, living below the ground, or at least beneath the leaf litter, stones or dead bark[1]
M
- mermithergate
"parasitogenic" phenotype of worker ants, caused by mermithid nematodes[7]
- mermithogyne
"parasitogenic" phenotype of gynes, caused by mermithid nematodes[7]
- monandry
queen mating with a single male[8]
- monodomy
colony housing arrangement in a single nest[9]
- monogyny
nest arrangement containing a single queen[6]
- multicoloniality
nest arrangement of a population of ants consisting of multiple independent colonies (monodomous or polydomous)[9]
- myrmecochory
- seed dispersal by ants[10]
- myrmecodomatium
domatium housed by ants[4]
- myrmecologist
- a student of ants[1]
- myrmecology
- the study of ants[1]
- myrmecophily
- association of various organisms with ants[11]
- myrmecophyte
- plant that lives in a mutualistic association with ants[1]
N
- nanitic
- a worker of the first generation, usually smaller in size than subsequent generations[12]
O
- oligogyny
- nest arrangement with multiple queens, defined by worker tolerance towards all queens in the colony and antagonism among the queens[13]
P
- pheromone trail
trail of chemical compounds secreted by ants to guide nestmates to a target (usually food)[14]
- pilosity
- quality of being covered with hair[1]
- pleometrosis
colony founding by multiple queens[6]
- plerergate
- see replete[15]
- polyandry
queen mating with multiple males[8]
- polydomy
colony arrangement housed in multiple separate nests[9]
- polyethism
- division of labor, the development of different roles[16]
- polygyny
nest arrangement containing multiple queens[6]
- polymorphism
- in social insects, having more than one caste within the same sex[1]
- primary monogyny
single queen founding a colony (haplometrosis), with no additional queens incorporated into the colony[6]
- primary polygyny
colony founding by multiple queens (pleometrosis), with more than one queen surviving[6]
Q
- queen
- see gyne
R
- replete
- worker ant that functions as a living larder, having an enlarged abdomen filled with liquid food[1]
- secondary monogyny
colony founding by multiple queens (pleometrosis), a single queen survive[6]
S
- secondary polygyny
colony founding by a single queen (haplometrosis), with additional queens incorporated into the colony at a later stage, usually by adoption or fusion with other colonies[6]
- slave-making
- the capture of brood of other ant species that is then reared as slaves[1]
T
- tandem running
recruitment method used by some species of ants, where one ant leads a single, closely following nestmate to a target (usually food)[14]
- trail pheromone
- see pheromone trail
- trophallaxis
- transfer of liquid food among family members or guest organisms[1]
- trophic egg
- non-viable egg laid by the queen to be used as a source of nutrition[1]
- trophobiosis
- mutualistic relationships between ants and other insects[17]
U
- unicoloniality
a population of ants inhabiting a single large polydomous colony[9]
W
- Winkler extraction
device used to extract ants and other living organism from soil and leaf-litter samples; a sample is placed inside an inner bag constructed from cloth mesh, which is suspended in a second bag containing a funnel leading to a collecting jar, usually filled with alcohol; the device is hung up in the air and passively extracts escaping animals[1]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Agosti, Donat; Majer, Jonathan D.; Alonso, Leeanne E.; Schultz, Ted R., eds. (2000). Ants: Standard Methods for Measuring and Monitoring Biodiversity. Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 1560988851.
- ^ Schmidt, C. A; Shattuck, S. O. (2014). "The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior". Zootaxa. 3817 (1): 1–242. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1. PMID 24943802.
- ^ Brown, W. L., Jr. (1960). "Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. III. Tribe Amblyoponini (Hymenoptera)". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 122: 143–230.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Michael Allaby (2012). A Dictionary of Plant Sciences. OUP Oxford. p. 158. ISBN 0-19-960057-0.
- ^ a b c Peeters, C. P. (1991). "Ergatoid queens and intercastes in ants: Two distinct adult forms which look morphologically intermediate between workers and winged queens". Insectes Sociaux. 38 (1): 1–15. doi:10.1007/BF01242708.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Wilson, Edward O.; Hölldobler, Bert (1977). "The number of queens: An important trait in ant evolution". Naturwissenschaften. 64 (1): 8–15. doi:10.1007/bf00439886.
- ^ a b Csősz, S.; Majoros, G. (2009). "Ontogenetic origin of mermithogenic Myrmica phenotypes (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)". Insectes Sociaux. 56 (1): 70–76. doi:10.1007/s00040-008-1040-3.
- ^ a b Heinze, Jürgen; Tsuji, Kazuki (1995). "Ant reproductive strategies". Researches on Population Ecology. 37 (2): 135–149. doi:10.1007/BF02515814.
- ^ a b c d Robinson, Elva JH (2014). "Polydomy: the organisation and adaptive function of complex nest systems in ants". Current Opinion in Insect Science. 5: 37–43. doi:10.1016/j.cois.2014.09.002.
- ^ Pfeiffer, Martin; Huttenlocher, Heiko; Ayasse, Manfred (2010). "Myrmecochorous plants use chemical mimicry to cheat seed-dispersing ants". Functional Ecology. 24 (3): 545–555. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01661.x.
- ^ Mynhardt, Glené (2013). "Declassifying Myrmecophily in the Coleoptera to Promote the Study of Ant-Beetle Symbioses". Psyche. 2013 (7): 1–8. doi:10.1155/2013/696401.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ "Founding weaver ant queens (Oecophylla longinoda) increase production and nanitic worker size when adopting non-nestmate pupae". SpringerPlus. 4 (6). 2015. doi:10.1186/2193-1801-4-6. PMC 4429428. PMID 25995983.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Hölldobler, Bert; Carlin, Norman F. (1985). "Colony founding, queen dominance and oligogyny in the Australian meat ant Iridomyrmex purpureus". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 18 (1): 45–58. doi:10.1007/BF00299237. ISSN 1432-0762. JSTOR 4599861.
- ^ a b Planqué, Robert; van den Berg, Jan Bouwe; Franks, Nigel R. (2010). "Recruitment Strategies and Colony Size in Ants". PLOS ONE. 5 (8): e11664. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011664. PMC 2915909. PMID 20694195.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Wheeler, W. M. (1907). "On certain modified hairs peculiar to the ants of arid regions". Biological Bulletin. 13 (4): 185–202. doi:10.2307/1535694.
- ^ Corn, M. L. (1980). "Polymorphism and polyethism in the neotropical ant Cephalotes atratus (L.)". Insectes Sociaux. 27 (1): 29–42. doi:10.1007/bf02224519.
- ^ Delabie, Jacques H. C. (2001). "Trophobiosis Between Formicidae and Hemiptera (Sternorrhyncha and Auchenorrhyncha): an Overview" (PDF). Neotropical Entomology. 30 (4): 501–516. doi:10.1590/S1519-566X2001000400001.