Moganite
| Moganite | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General | |
| Category | Tectosilicate, quartz group |
| Formula (repeating unit) | SiO2 |
| Strunz classification | 4.DA.20 |
| Dana classification | 75.01.04.02 |
| Crystal system | Monoclinic |
| Crystal class | Prismatic (2/m) (same H–M symbol) |
| Space group | I2/a |
| Identification | |
| Color | Grey |
| Crystal habit | Massive |
| Mohs scale hardness | 6 |
| Luster | Earthy, dull |
| Streak | White |
| Diaphaneity | Transparent |
| Optical properties | Biaxial |
| Refractive index | nα = 1.524 nγ = 1.531 |
| References | [1][2][3] |
Moganite is an oxide mineral with the chemical formula SiO2 (silicon dioxide) that was discovered in 1984.[2] It crystallises in the monoclinic crystal system. Moganite is considered a polymorph of quartz: it has the same chemical composition as quartz, but a different crystal structure.[3]
In 1994, the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) had disapproved it as being a separate mineral because it was not clearly distinguishable from quartz.[4] It has only recently (1999) been approved as a valid mineral by the CNMNC, the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (part of the IMA). Its IMA number is (CNMMN, No. 99-035).[5]
This mineral has been mainly found in dry locales such as Gran Canaria and Lake Magadi.[6] It has been reported from a variety of locations in Europe, India and the United States.[2] It was named for the municipality of Mogán on Gran Canaria.[3] Physically, it has a Mohs hardness of about 6, a dull luster and appears as a semitransparent gray in color.
Structural information
The main infrared spectroscopy (IR) differences between moganite and α-quartz occur in the wavenumber region below 650 cm–1. Above this wavenumber, the frequencies of Si–O stretching vibrations of moganite are almost identical to those of quartz. Additional moganite bands were recorded near 165, 207, 296, 343, 419, 576, and 612 cm–1.[7]
Structural phase transition
Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data for moganite from 100 to 1,354 K (−173 to 1,081 °C) has revealed a reversible phase transition from space group I2/a to Imab at approximately 570 K (297 °C).[8] The in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows that while the thermal responses of H2O and OH in moganite display similarities to agate, the spectra are not completely identical. Absorptions in the O–H stretching region reveal that dehydration and dehydroxylation is a multistage process. Although hydrogen loss starts below 400–500 K (127–227 °C), hydrous species may well remain in moganite even at 1,060 K (790 °C).[9]
Further reading
- Zhu, Tianfei; Xin, Lipeng; Fang, Aiping; Li, Wei; Wang, Xiangjian; Lou, Xiaojie; Zhang, Ming (2017). "A Review of Research on a New Silica Polymorph—Moganite". Acta Mineralogica Sinica. 37 (1–2): 159–167. doi:10.16461/J.CNKI.1000-4734.2017.01.020.
References
- ^ "Mineralienatlas".
- ^ a b c Ralph, Jolyon; Ralph, Ida (2007). "Moganite: Moganite Mineral Information and Data". MinDat. Retrieved 1 August 2007.
- ^ a b c "Webmineral data".
- ^ Origlieri, Marcus (1994). "Moganite: a New Mineral – Not!". Lithosphere. Retrieved 1 August 2007.
- ^ Grice, Joel D.; Ferraris, Giovanni (2000). "New minerals approved in 1999 by the commission on new minerals and mineral names, International Mineralogical Association". The Canadian Mineralogist. 38 (1): 245–250. doi:10.2113/gscanmin.38.1.245.
- ^ Heaney, Peter J.; Post, Jeffrey E. (1992). "The Widespread Distribution of a Novel Silica Polymorph in Microcrystalline Quartz Varieties". Science. 255: 441–443.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Zhang, Ming; Moxon, Terry (2014). "Infrared absorption spectroscopy of SiO2-moganite". American Mineralogist. 99 (4): 671–680. doi:10.2138/am.2014.4589.
- ^ Heaney, Peter J.; Post, Jeffrey E. (2001). "Evidence for an I2/a to Imab phase transition in the silica polymorph moganite at ~570 K". American Mineralogist. 86 (11–12): 1358–1366. doi:10.2138/am-2001-11-1204.
- ^ Zhang, Ming; Moxon, Terry (2012). "In situ infrared spectroscopic studies of OH, H2O and CO2 in moganite at high temperatures". European Journal of Mineralogy. 24 (1): 123–131. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2011/0023-2165.
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