Jamnapari
Jamnapari (or Jamunapari) is a breed of goat originating from Indian subcontinent. Since 1953 they have been exported to Indonesia (popular as Etawa goat, and its mixture with a local goat called "PE", peranakan Etawa or Etawa mix) where they have been a great success. It is bred for both milk and meat.[1] The name is derived from the Yamuna[2] river.
This breed is one of the ancestors of the American Nubian.[3]
In India there were an estimated 580,000 of the breed in the 1972 census, although less than 5000 were thought to be purebred.[2]
Physical characteristics
There is a large variation in color but the typical Jamnapari is white with patches of tan on the neck and head. Their heads tend to have a highly convex nose, which gives them a parrot-like appearance. They have long flat drooping ears which are around 25 cm long. Both sexes have horns. The udder has round, conical teats and is well developed.[2] They also have unusually long legs.[4]
The Jamnapari male can weigh up to 120 kg, while females can reach around 90 kg.[1]
The average lactation yield per day has been found to be slightly less than two kilograms.[1] Jamnapari meat is said to be low in cholesterol.[5]
Behavior
During the winter they spend more than 90% of their time grazing, although this falls to around 55% in the hot Indian summer. The breed browses on bushes, tree leaves and the top of grasses rather than typical ground grazing.[3] Their mean heart rate was found to be 127 ± 3.46 in one study.[6]
Reproduction
Rates of conception are high, nearly 90%. Triplets and quadruplets are common. The average age of first conception is 18 months.[3]
See also
References
- ^ a b c "About Jamnapari". Archived 2008-09-15 at the Wayback Machine Accessed August 12, 2008.
- ^ a b c "2.3 Goat Breeds".
- ^ a b c P. K. Rout, A. Mandal, M. K. Singh, R. Roy, N. Sharma and G.F.W. Haenlein. "Jamunapari - A Dairy Goat Breed in India". Dairy Goat Journal. Accessed August 14, 2008.
- ^ Shelton, Maurice (1978). "Reproduction and Breeding of Goats".
- ^ Wariman, Noor H. "Jihad Ternak Planning To Export Jamnapari Goats". Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine Accessed August 13, 2008.
- ^ N. H. Mohan1, D. Niyogi2, H. N. Singh3. "Analysis of normal electrocardiograms of Jamunapari goats". Archived 2011-07-28 at the Wayback Machine Journal of Veterinary Science.