Roggenburg Abbey

Imperial Abbey of Roggenburg Reichsstift Roggenburg
1482–1802
Coat of arms
Status	Imperial Abbey
Capital	Roggenburg
Government	Elective principality
Historical era	Middle Ages
• Founded	1126
• Gained Reichsfreiheit	1482
• Secularised to Bavaria	1802
Preceded by Succeeded by Margraviate of Burgau Electorate of Bavaria

Roggenburg Abbey (Kloster Roggenburg or Reichsstift Roggenburg) is a Premonstratensian canonry in Roggenburg near Neu-Ulm, Bavaria, in operation between 1126 and 1802, and again from its re-foundation in 1986. Since 1992 it has been an independent priory of Windberg Abbey in Lower Bavaria (Roggenburg Priory). The monastery manages a training centre and a museum, and is widely known for its almost unchanged Baroque building and the organ concerts that are held in the church.

For over three centuries, Roggenburg was one of the 40-odd self-ruling imperial abbeys of the Holy Roman Empire and, as such, was a virtually independent state. Its abbot had seat and voice at the Imperial Diet where he sat on the Bench of the Prelates of Swabia. At the time of the abbey's dissolution in 1802, its territory covered 112 square kilometers and it had 3,300-5,000 subjects.

History

First foundation

Roggenburg Abbey seen from the air

Roggenburg Abbey, Baroque building

Organ, originally by Schmahl

Quire, Roggenburg Abbey church

In 1126 Count Bertold of Bibereck, together with his wife and his two brothers, Konrad, Bishop of Chur, and Siegfried, a canon in the diocese of Augsburg, founded the monastery. The first Premonstratensian canons came from Ursberg Abbey nearby and built the first monastery church.

In 1444 the foundation was raised to the status of an abbey. The first description of Roggenburg Abbey as reichsunmittelbar dates from 1482/5; the legal consolidation of this status took place in tiny stages over the first half of the 16th century.

In the 18th century the abbey and its dependent churches were rebuilt in the Baroque style, as they are today. The conventual buildings were rebuilt in 1732. Construction of a new church began in 1752, and lasted six years.

In 1802 the monastery was occupied by Bavarian troops during the secularisation of Bavaria, dissolved, and the last abbot, Thaddäus Aigler, stripped of his office.

After dissolution

The abbey church became a parish church. The rest of the abbey's property passed into private ownership, except for the buildings, which were taken over by the Bavarian government. Until 1862 a district court and rent office were accommodated here. Later the buildings were used for a variety of functions, including as a school, a forestry office and a parochial office.

Second foundation

In 1986 Premonstratensians again occupied the premises. On 8 November 1992 the new community was raised to the status of an independent priory of Windberg Abbey. In the interval there had arisen a training centre for family, environment and culture, a museum and a centre for art and culture, as well as gastronomical facilities. In addition, the monastery shop sells devotional items, the monastery's own wine and various other products of their own manufacture.

Abbey church

The Baroque abbey church was built between 1752 and 1758 to plans by Simpert Kraemer in the shape of a cross. The hall church, with extended transept and double towers, is 70 metres long, 35 metres across and has an inside height, to the highest point, of 28 metres. Today it is used as the Roman Catholic parish church of the Ascension of the Virgin Mary.

Organ

The great Baroque organ by the Ulm organ builder Georg Friedrich Schmahl of 1761 was completely replaced in 1905 by a Late Romantic construction by the Gebrüder Hindelang of Ebenhofen. This was replaced in its turn in 1955–56, with the reuse of some registers, by an instrument by the Familie Nenninger. In 1984–86 it was extensively rebuilt by Gerhard Schmid of Kaufbeuren. The appearance of the organ by Schmahl was preserved throughout all rebuildings.

Stoplist

I Rückpositiv C–g3 Copel 8’ Quintatön 8’ Praestant 4’ Flauto amabile 4’ Spitzquinte 22/3’ Schwiegel 2’ Terz 13/5’ Sifflöte 11/3’ Scharff III 1’ Dulcian 8’ Tremulant

II Hauptwerk C–g3 Praestant 16’ Principal 8’ Gedackt 8’ Gamba 8’ Großquinte 51/3’ Octav 4’ Rohrflöte 4’ Großterz 31/5’ Quinte 22/3’ Octave 2’ Mixtur IV 11/3’ Trompete 8’

III Schwellwerk C–g3 Bourdon 16’ Principal 8’ Holzflöte 8’ Salicional 8’ Schwebung 8’ Octav 4’ Flöte 4’ Nasat 22/3’ Blockflöte 2’ Terz 13/5’ Piccolo 1’ Plein jeu IV 2’ Fagott 16’ Oboe 8’ Tremulant

IV Oberwerk C–g3 Flûte harmonique 8’ Geigenprincipal 4’ Traversflöte 4’ Nachthorn 2’ Kornett III 22/3’ Solotrompete 8’ Tremulant Trumpets Tuba magna 16’ Tuba imperialis 8’ Clairon prémontre 4’ IV Fernwerk C–g3 (Choir Organ) Gedackt 8’ Quintade 8’ Flöte 4’ Ital. Principal 2’

V Unterwerk C–g3 Bourdon 8’ Principal 4’ Mixtur IV 22/3’ Tromba 8’ Clarine 4’

Pedal C–f1 Principal 16’ Subbass 16’ Quintbass 102/3’ Octavbass 8’ Cello 8’ Flötbass 4’ Bombarde 32’ Posaune 16’ Trompetbass 8’ Pedal C–f1 (Choir Organ) Rankett 16’ Untersatz II 16' + 8’ Choraloktav 4’

• Couplers: I/Ped. II/Ped., III/Ped., III/Ped. 4’, IV/Ped., V/Ped., III/I, I/II, III/II, III/II 16’, IV/II, V/II, V/III, IV/III, III / III 16’

Bibliography

• Groll, Elisabeth, 1944: Das Prämonstratenserstift Roggenburg im Beginn der Neuzeit (1450–1600). Augsburg (also a dissertation, University of Munich 1939)
• Hadry, Sarah: Klosterregiment am Ende des Mittelalters: Die „Innenpolitik“ des Reichsstifts Roggenburg. In: Jahrbuch des Historischen Vereins Dillingen an der Donau, 106. Jahrgang 2005, pp. 57–86
• Probst, Michael, c. 1989: Carmen epicum de morte Sifridi (Latin/German edition as: Kloster Roggenburg. Das Lied seiner Gründung und seiner Stifterfamilie. Translated by Hans Wieland. Konrad: Weissenhorn. ISBN 3-87437-291-X)
• Ratte, Franz Josef, 1990: Die Orgel im Prämonstratenserkloster Roggenburg und ihr Erbauer Georg Friedrich Schmahl. In: Orgelkunst und Orgelforschung, pp. 113–127
• Stankowski, Martin, 2003: Land-Kloster — Kloster-Landschaft 1650–1800. Über das Bauen in Roggenburg und in Ost- und Oberschwaben. Fink: Lindenberg. ISBN 3-89870-134-4
• Tuscher, Franz, 1991: Das Reichsstift Roggenburg im 18. Jahrhundert. 2nd, improved edition. Konrad: Weissenhorn. ISBN 3-87437-315-0

External links

• (in German) Official website
• (in German) Klöster in Bayern