Japanese Pidgin English

Japanese Pidgin English is any of several English-based pidgins spoken or influenced by the Japanese.

• Cape York Japanese Pidgin English, spoken in the pearling area at Thursday Island
• Hawaiian Japanese Pidgin English, a pidgin jargon spoken by immigrant plantation workers in Hawaii
• Japanese Bamboo English, a pidgin jargon used in US military installations

Classification

The term Japanese Pidgin English occurred during American Occupation of Japan, it is classified as a dialect of both English and Japanese. Despite the general opinion on pidgin is the dialect of the dominant language, neither of the languages shows a clear pattern of dominance.

Background

The most commonly used Japanese Pidgin English (JPE), Bamboo-English and Yokohama Pidgin Japanese (YPJ) are extinct. One form of JPE that is still spoken nowadays is Hawaiian Japanese Pidgin English. YPJ is spoken in the second half of 19th century in Yokohama, Kobe and Nagasaki. Bamboo English is spoken by US army personnel and local Japanese after World War II and later transplanted to South Korea. JPE that exists in Hawaiian Pidgin is brought by immigrants who worked on plantations.

Geographic Distribution

Two major subtypes of Japanese Pidgin English are extinct, Hawaiian Pidgin English is the legacy of JPE, the main speakers of JPE will be Hawaiian Pidgin English speakers, which are local Hawai'i residences. In U.S. Census Bureau Report, Hawaiian Pidgin has 335 speakers. Hawaiian Pidgin is recognized as the official language in the state of Hawai'i. Another branch of JPE spoken is located in Western Australia state: Beagle Bay, Broome, Derby, La Grange, Lombardinie, One Arm Point, which has 40 second language speakers.

See also

• Engrish
• Yokohama Pidgin Japanese, spoken in the Japanese port of Yokohama in the 19th century

References

• Smith, Norval (1994). "An annotated list of creoles, pidgins, and mixed languages". In Jacques Arends; Pieter Muysken; Norval Smith (eds.). Pidgins and Creoles: An Introduction. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins. pp. 331–374.
• Norman, Arthur M. Z. (1955). "Bamboo English: The Japanese Influence Upon American Speech". American Speech. 30 (1): 44–48. doi:10.2307/454192. JSTOR 454192.
• John, Stuart Goodman (1967). "The Development of a Dialect of English-Japanese Pidgin". Anthropological Linguistics. 9 (6 (June., 1967)): 43–55. JSTOR 30029203.
• Andrei, A. AVRAM (2014). "Yokohama Pidgin Japanese Revisited". Acta Linguistica Asiatica. 4 (2): 67–84. doi:10.4312/ala.4.2.67-84. ISSN 2232-3317.
• "Hawaiian Language, Pidgin Data Revealed In New U.S. Census Bureau Report". Frances Kai-Hwa Wang.
• "Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin".