Peter Brownback
Peter E. Brownback III | |
|---|---|
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Service | United States Army |
| Rank | Colonel |
| Unit | 173rd Brigade |
| Battles / wars | Vietnam War |
| Other work | Presiding Officer Lawyer |
Peter E. Brownback III is a retired military officer and lawyer.[1] He was appointed in 2004 by general John D. Altenburg as a Presiding Officer on the Guantanamo military commissions. The Washington Post reported: "...that Brownback and Altenburg have known each other since 1977, that Brownback's wife worked for Altenburg, and that Altenburg hosted Brownback's retirement party in 1999."[2]
Brownback is also a combat veteran who served two tours in Vietnam, the first as part of the 173rd Brigade and later as a member of the US Special Forces. He was the honour graduate of his special forces course that he completed in 1972.
Defense attorneys challenged the bias of five of the six presiding officers at the Guantanamo military tribunal, including Brownback.[3] Altenburg removed three officers but retained Brownback. He was the only officer appointed to the first commission who had any legal training.
Dismissed charges against Omar Khadr
In the Summer of 2006 the United States Supreme Court overturned the then current version of the Guantanamo military commission on constitutional grounds.[4] The Supreme Court had ruled that, under the separation of powers, the Bush Presidency lacked the constitutional authority to institute military commissions. The Supreme Court however, did rule that the United States Congress did have the constitutional authority to legislate such military commissions.
In the fall of 2006 the Congress passed the Military Commissions Act, which authorized military commissions similar to those the Supreme Court overturned, to try "unlawful enemy combatants".[4] Brownback and Captain Keith J. Allred, ruled that, since Khadr and Salim Ahmed Hamdan's Combatant Status Review Tribunals had not determined that they were "unlawful enemy combatants", but merely "enemy combatants", the commissions lacked jurisdiction to try them.[4][5] On June 4, 2007, in a move the BBC described as a "stunning blow" to the Bush Presidency's detainee policy, Brownback dismissed all charges against Canadian youth Omar Khadr.[4] By June 2007, none of the Guantanamo captives had had a "competent tribunal", such as the AR-190-8 Tribunal, determine whether they broke any of the laws of war that would result in stripping them of the protections of Geneva Conventions Prisoner of War status.[4]
November 2007 Guantanamo Military Commission hearings
An appeal court determined that the Presidents of Military Commissions had the authority to determine whether the captives were lawful combatants.[6][7] Brownback reconvened Khadr's proceedings on Thursday, November 8, 2007. Before Brownback determined whether Khadr was an unlawful combatant, lawyers were allowed to challenge the official as to whether he was an appropriate person to sit as Khadr's judge. Brownback postponed ruling on Khadr's combatant status, giving attorneys more time for preparation.[8] The next two sessions were scheduled for December 7, 2007 and January 13, 2008.
Replaced
Brownback chastised the prosecution[9] telling them "they had to provide Khadr's defence lawyers with records of his confinement at the detention camp in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, or he would suspend the proceedings."[10] On May 29, 2008 the military suddenly announced that a new officer was appointed to replace Brownback as judge in the Khadr case. Reuters noted that "The dismissal came on the same day that Pentagon prosecutors filed new charges against three other Guantanamo prisoners and defense lawyers accused the prosecutors of trying to rush cases to trial before the November U.S. presidential election."[11][12][13][14]
References
- ^ Toni Locy (August 24, 2004). "Guantanamo hearings start today". USA Today. Retrieved 2007-06-07.
- ^ John Mintz (September 16, 2004). "Presiding Officer At Guantanamo Faces Questions". Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-06-07.
- ^ "Three Guantanamo panellists dismissed over bias allegations". USA Today. August 21, 2004. Retrieved 2015-07-15.
- ^ a b c d e sergeant Sara Wood (June 4, 2007). "Charges Dismissed Against Canadian at Guantanamo". Department of Defense. Retrieved 2007-06-07.
- ^ sergeant Sara Wood (June 4, 2007). "Judge Dismisses Charges Against Second Guantanamo Detainee". Department of Defense. Retrieved 2007-06-07.
- ^ Jane Sutton (November 8, 2007). "Guantanamo judge says he took "heat" from Pentagon". Reuters. Archived from the original on February 1, 2013. Retrieved 2007-11-08.
- ^ "Trial of Canadian Guantanamo detainee gets go-ahead". Armed Forces Press. November 8, 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-05-20. Retrieved 2007-11-08.
- ^ "Guantanamo judge postpones question of trial eligibility for Canadian detainee". PR Inside. November 8, 2007. Archived from the original on July 28, 2011. Retrieved 2007-11-18.
- ^ Steven Edwards (May 29, 2008). "Pentagon fires Khadr judge: Col. Peter Brownback replaced after chastising prosecution". National Post. Archived from the original on May 31, 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
- ^ "Khadr judge fired, says his military lawyer". CBC News. May 29, 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
- ^ Jane Sutton (May 29, 2008). "Guantanamo judge dismissed in Canadian's case". Reuters. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
- ^ Michael Melia (May 29, 2008). "Gitmo judge removed from Canadian's case". Miami Herald. Retrieved 2008-05-29. [dead link]
- ^ Omar El Akkad (May 29, 2008). "Khadr judge at Guantanamo Bay relieved of duties". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2008-05-29.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "U.S. military dumps judge in Khadr terrorism case in surprise move". Canadian Press. May 29, 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-29.[permanent dead link]