Bothrochilus
| Bothrochilus | |
|---|---|
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| D'Albertis python (Bothrochilus albertisii) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Pythonidae |
| Subfamily: | Pythoninae |
| Genus: | Bothrochilus Fitzinger, 1843 |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
| Synonyms | |
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Bothrochilus is a genus of nonvenomous pythonid snakes, which currently comprises seven species.[1]
Species
The genus Bothrochilus contains the following seven species which are recognized as being valid.[2]
- Bothrochilus albertisii (W. Peters & Doria, 1878) – D’Albertis python, northern white-lipped python
- Bothrochilus biakensis (Schleip, 2008) – Biak whitelip python
- Bothrochilus boa (Schlegel, 1837) – Bismarck ringed python
- Bothrochilus fredparkeri (Schleip, 2008) – Karimui Basin whitelip python
- Bothrochilus huonensis (Schleip, 2008) – Huon Peninsula whitelip python
- Bothrochilus meridionalis (Schleip, 2014) – southern whitelip python
- Bothrochilus montanus (Schleip, 2014) – Wau whitelip python
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Bothrochilus.
Description
Female adults of the northern white-lipped python (Bothrochilus albertisii) grow to an average of about 213 cm in length (6–7 ft), whereas the southern whitelip python can reach up to 300 cm (9.8 ft) in length. They are patternless, except the northern white-lipped python has some light markings on its postoculars,[3] which are absent in the southern whitelip python.[1] The snout is triangular and the head is distinct from the neck. The dorsum of the head is shiny black, the upper and lower labial scales are white with black markings on the anterior edge of the scales. Body color is either brownish-violet fading to yellowish ventrally (B. albertisii) or blackish-blue fading to gray. These pythons occasionally regurgitate fur balls, or castings, a few days after feeding on a furred prey item.
Behavior
Although mostly terrestrial, these snakes can and are known to occasionally climb.[4] White-lipped pythons are reportedly aggressive, though this is reduced in those born and raised in captivity.[5] These snakes have also been observed to regularly regurgitate fur balls from their prey.[6]
Geographic range
These snakes are found in most of New Guinea (below 1200 m), including the islands of Salawati and Biak, Normanby, Mussau and Emirau,[1] as well as a few islands in the Torres Strait.
The type locality given is "Kapaor in Nova Guinea boreali occidentali ... et prope Andai ". The authors also stated localities for two additional specimens: "... un esemplare a Kapaor fra i Papua Onin..." and "... un secondo esemplare ad Andai presso Dorei..." (Kapoar, Onin Peninsula and Andai, near Dorei, Irian Jaya, Indonesia).[7]
Some doubt can be cast on its occurrence on Normanby, as McDowell (1975)[8] had erroneously assigned Bara Bara to this island, rather than to the mainland of Papua New Guinea[1] in Milne Bay Province as stated by Boulenger (1898)[9] and Koopman (1982).[10]
Habitat
Associated with rain forests, cutover clearings and swamps, they are usually found near water, into which they may quickly retreat if disturbed[11]. They often hide under dead leaves on forest floor.[3]
Feeding
The diet includes a range of small- to medium-sized birds and mammals.[3] Neonates and juveniles often feed on lizards. Heat sensitive pits in the upper and lower jaws are used to help locate prey during nocturnal hunting.[4]
Reproduction
The oviparous females lay about a dozen eggs. The eggs stick together in a compact pile, and the females coils around them. The hatchlings emerge after about two months of incubation and are about 38 cm (15 in) in length.[3]
Taxonomy
A new species B. hoserae, and two new subspecies B. albertisii barkeri and B. a. bennetti, were described in Hoser (2000),[12][13] but these descriptions are considered vague and questionable.[14][15] In 2008, Schleip[1] redescribed and provided proper descriptions and diagnoses for two of Hoser's (2000) taxa, Bothrochilus hoserae, from the southern lowlands of Papua New Guinea and neighbouring Indonesia, and B. benettorum, from the highlands of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. A third, Bothrochilus albertisii barkeri was considered a nomen nudum due to Hoser not having provided a description that includes characters to differentiate this taxon from others.[1] Three new species were also described:[1] B. biakensis from the island of Biak (part of the Indonesian Province of Papua), B. fredparkeri from the Karimui Basin, Simbu Province, Papua New Guinea, and B. huonensis from the Huon Peninsula, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.
The taxonomy of the family Pythonidae is fluid; however, an arrangement[16] of the genus may be summarised as:
(* The specific name, bennettorum, is genitive plural because it is in honor of two unrelated zoologists named Bennett: Clive Bennett, and Daniel Bennett.)[17]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Schleip, Wulf D (2008). "Revision of the genus Leiopython Hubrecht 1879 (Serpentes: Pythonidae) with the redescription of taxa recently described by Hoser (2000) and the description of new species". Journal of Herpetology. 42 (4): 645–667. doi:10.1670/06-182R5.1.
- ^ "Bothrochilus ". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
- ^ a b c d Mehrtens JM. 1987. Living Snakes of the World in Color. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp. ISBN 0-8069-6460-X.
- ^ a b "Leiopython Albertisii". Retrieved 14 December 2016.
- ^ "White Lipped Python". Python Snake Database. Snake Estate. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
- ^ Schleip, Wulf (June 2009). "Leiopython albertisii (Northern White-Lipped Python). Behavior" (PDF). Herpetological Review. 40 (2): 231. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
- ^ McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré T. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume).
- ^ McDowell SB. 1975. "A catalogue of the snakes of New Guinea and the Solomon’s, with special Reference to Those in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Part II". (24.02.1975). Journal of Herpetology 9 (1): 1-79.
- ^ Boulenger GA. 1898. "An account of the reptiles and batrachians collected by Dr. L. Loria in British New Guinea". Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Series 2, 18: 694-710.
- ^ Koopman KF. 1982. "Results of the Archibold Expedition No. 109. Bats from Eastern Papua and the East Papua Islands". American Museum Novitates (2747): 1-34.
- ^ "White Lipped Python Care Sheet". Reptile Range. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
- ^ Hoser R. 2000. A Revision of the Australasian pythons. HTML at C-View Media. Accessed 10 September 2007.
- ^ Hoser R. 2000. A Revision of the Australasian pythons. HTML at Smuggled.com. Accessed 10 September 2007.
- ^ Leiopython albertisii at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 9 September 2007.
- ^ Wüster W, Bush B, Keogh JS, O'Shea M, Shine R. 2001. "Taxonomic contributions in the "amateur" literature: comments on recent descriptions of new genera and species by Raymond Hoser". Litteratura Serpentium 21: 67-91. PDF Archived 2007-08-09 at the Wayback Machine at Wolfgang Wüster Archived 2006-09-25 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 10 September 2007.
- ^ R. Graham Reynolds, Matthew L. Niemiller, Liam J. Revell, 2014, Toward a Tree-of-Life for the boas and pythons: Multilocus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling
- ^ Beolens B, Watkins M, Grayson M. 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Leiopython albertisii, p. 64; L. bennettorum, p. 22).
