Halorubrum
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| Genus: | Halorubrum McGenity and Grant 1996[citation needed]
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Halorubrum is a genus in the family Halobacteriaceae. Halorubrum species can be found in the Dead Sea, Lake Zabuye and other waters with high salt concentration.
Genetic exchange
A population of the haloarchaea Halorubrum in its natural high salt concentration environment exchanged genetic information frequently by recombination.[1] This population exhibited a degree of linkage equilibrium approaching that of a sexual population.
Taxonomy
In taxonomy, Halorubrum is a genus of the Halobacteriaceae.[2]
Species
Halorubrum ejinorense was first isolated from Lake Ejinor in Inner Mongolia, China.[3]
Halorubrum lacusprofundi was first isolated in the 1980s from Deep Lake, Antarctica.[4] Its genome, sequenced in 2006, consists of two chromosomes (one 2.74 Mb and the other 0.53 Mb) and one plasmid (0.43 Mb).[5] Its β-galactosidase enzyme has been extensively studied to understand how proteins function in low-temperature, high-saline environments.[6][7] One strain of H. lacusprofundi contains a plasmid for horizontal gene transfer, which takes place via a mechanism that uses vesicle-enclosed virus-like particles.[8]
Halorubrum sodomense was first identified in the Dead Sea in 1980. It requires a higher concentration of Mg2+ ions for growth than related halophiles.[9] Its cell surface membrane contains Archaerhodopsin-3 (AR3), a photoreceptor protein which harvests the energy fron sunlight to establish a proton motive force that is used for ATP synthesis.[10] Mutants of AR3 are widely used as tools in optogenetics for neuroscience research.[11]
Halorubrum tibetense was first isolated from Lake Zabuye in Tibet, China.[12]
Halorubrum xinjiangense was first isolated from Xiao-Er-Kule Lake in Xinjiang, China.[13]
References
- ^ Papke RT, Koenig JE, Rodríguez-Valera F, Doolittle WF (December 2004). "Frequent recombination in a saltern population of Halorubrum". Science. 306 (5703): 1928–9. Bibcode:2004Sci...306.1928P. doi:10.1126/science.1103289. PMID 15591201.
- ^ See the NCBI webpage on Halorubrum. Data extracted from the "NCBI taxonomy resources". National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 2007-03-19.
- ^ Castillo AM, Gutiérrez MC, Kamekura M, Xue Y, Ma Y, Cowan DA, Jones BE, Grant WD, Ventosa A (2007). "Halorubrum Ejinorense Sp. Nov., Isolated From Lake Ejinor, Inner Mongolia, China". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 57 (11): 2538–2542. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65241-0. PMID 17978215.
- ^ Franzmann PD, Stacklebrandt E, Sanderson K, Volkman JK, Camberon DE, Stevenson PL, McMeekin TA, Burton HR (1998). "Halobacterium lacusprofundii sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from Deep Lake, Antarctica". Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 11 (1): 20–27. doi:10.1016/S0723-2020(88)80044-4.
- ^ Anderson IJ, DasSarma P, Lucas S, Copeland A, Lapidus A, Del Rio T, Tice H, Dalin E, Bruce DC, Goodwin L, Pitluck S, Sims D, Brettin TS, Detter JC, Han CS, Larimer F, Hauser L, Land M, Ivanova N, Richardson P, Cavicchioli R, DasSarma S, Woese CR, Kyrpides (2006). "Complete genome sequence of the Antarctic Halorubrum lacusprofundi type strain ACAM 34". Standards in Genomic Sciences. 11 (1): 70. doi:10.1186/s40793-016-0194-2. PMC 5018182. PMID 27617060.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Karan R, Capes MD, DasSarma P, DasSarma S (2013). "Cloning, Overexpression, Purification, and Characterization of a Polyextremophilic β-galactosidase From the Antarctic Haloarchaeon Halorubrum lacusprofundi". BMC Biotechnol. 13: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-3. doi:10.1186/1472-6750-13-3. PMC 3556326. PMID 23320757.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Laye VJ, Karan R, Kim JM, Pecher WT, DasSarma P, DasSarma S (2017). "Key amino acid residues conferring enhanced enzyme activity at cold temperatures in an Antarctic polyextremophilic β-galactosidase". PNAS. 114 (47): 12530–35. doi:10.1073/pnas.1711542114. PMC 5703305. PMID 29109294.
- ^ Erdmann S, Tschitschko B, Zhong L, Raftery MJ, Cavicchioli R (9 September 2017). "A plasmid from an Antarctic haloarchaeon uses specialized membrane vesicles to disseminate and infect plasmid-free cells". Nature Microbiology. 2 (10): 1446–1455. doi:10.1038/s41564-017-0009-2. PMID 28827601.
- ^ Oren A (1983). "Halobacterium sodomense sp. nov. a Dead Sea Halobacterium with an extremely high magnesium requirement". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 33 (2): 381–386.
- ^ Ihara K, Umemura T, Katagiri I, Kitajima-Ihara T, Sugiyama Y, Kimura Y, Mukohata Y (January 1999). "Evolution of the archaeal rhodopsins: evolution rate changes by gene duplication and functional differentiation". Journal of Molecular Biology. 285 (1): 163–74. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1998.2286. PMID 9878396.
- ^ Flytzanis NC, Bedbrook CN, Chiu H, Engqvist MK, Xiao C, Chan KY, Sternberg PW, Arnold FH, Gradinaru V (2014). "Archaerhodopsin variants with enhanced voltage-sensitive fluorescence in mammalian and Caenorhabditis elegans neurons". Nature Communications. 5: 4894. doi:10.1038/ncomms5894. PMC 4166526. PMID 25222271.
- ^ Fan H, Xue Y, Ma Y, Ventosa A, Grant WD (2004). "Halorubrum tibetense sp. nov., a novel haloalkaliphilic archaeon from Lake Zabuye in Tibet, China". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 54: 1213–1216. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.03032-0. PMID 15280294.
- ^ Feng J, Zhou PJ, Liu SJ (2004). "Halorubrum xinjiangense sp. nov., a novel halophile isolated from saline lakes in China". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 54: 1789–1791. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63209-0. PMID 15388744.
Further reading
Scientific journals
- Oren A, Ventosa A (2000). "International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halobacteriaceae. Minutes of the meetings, 16 August 1999, Sydney, Australia". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 50: 1405–1407. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-3-1405. PMID 10843089.
- Oren A, Ventosa A (1996). "A proposal for the transfer of Halorubrobacterium distributum and Halorubrobacterium coriense to the genus Halorubrum as Halorubrum distributum comb. nov. and Halorubrum coriense comb. nov., respectively". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46 (4): 1180. doi:10.1099/00207713-46-4-1180.
- McGenity TJ, Grant WD (1995). "Transfer of Halobacterium saccharovorum, Halobacterium sodomense, Halobacterium trapanicum NRC 34021 and Halobacterium lacusprofundi to the genus Halorubrum gen. nov., as Halorubrum saccharovorum comb. nov., Halorubrumsodomense comb. nov., Halorubrum trapanicum comb. nov., and Halorubrum lacusprofundi comb.nov". Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 18 (2): 237–243. doi:10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80394-2.
- Kamekura M, Dyall-Smith ML (1995). "Taxonomy of the family Halobacteriaceae and the description of two new genera Halorubrobacterium and Natrialba". J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 41 (4): 333–350. doi:10.2323/jgam.41.333.
- Papke T, Fullmer M, Soucy S, Swithers K, Makkay A, Wheeler R, Ventosa A, Gogarten P (11 April 2014). "Population and genomic analysis of the genus Halorubrum". Frontiers in Microbiology. 5 (Article No.: 140): 140. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00140. PMC 3990103. PMID 24782836. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Scientific books
- Gibbons, NE (1974). "Family V. Halobacteriaceae fam. nov.". In RE Buchanan; NE Gibbons (eds.). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (8th ed.). Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co. ISBN 0-683-01117-0.
Scientific databases
External links
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