Luis de Unzaga

Luis de Unzaga le Conciliateur
4th Spanish governor of Louisiana
In office 1769–1777
Monarch	Charles III
Preceded by	Alejandro O'Reilly
Succeeded by	Bernardo de Gálvez
1st Captain General of Venezuela
In office 1777–1782
Monarch	Charles III
Succeeded by	Pedro de Nava
69th Governor of Cuba
In office 1782–1785
Monarch	Charles III
Preceded by	Juan Manuel de Cagigal y Monserrat
Succeeded by	Bernardo Troncoso Martínez del Rincón
Personal details
Born	Luis de Unzaga y Amézaga 1717 Málaga, Spain
Died	1793 Málaga, Spain
Spouse	Marie Elizabeth de St. Maxent La Roche
Military service
Allegiance	Viceroyalty of New Spain Kingdom of Spain
Branch/service	Spanish Army
Years of service	1770–1785
Rank	Captain General
Battles/wars	Seven Years' War

Luis de Unzaga y Amézaga (1717–1793), also known as Luis Unzaga y Amezéga le Conciliateur, was a Spanish governor of Louisiana from late 1769 to mid-1777, as well as a Captain General of Venezuela and Cuba.

Biography

Unzaga was born in Málaga, Spain, the son of a well-known Basque family. He served in the Italian war of 1735 and went to Havana in 1740, where he was appointed lieutenant governor of Puerto Principe, Cuba and later of Santiago de Cuba. During the Seven Years' War he defended Havana against a British siege, in 1762.

Unzaga accompanied Alejandro O'Reilly to New Orleans in 1769 to put down the Rebellion of 1768 by French and German colonists objecting to the cessation of Louisiana to Spain via the Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762). Following the formal establishment of the cabildo (council), Unzaga became governor on December 1, 1769. In 1775, he married Marie Elizabeth de St. Maxent, first daughter of Gilbert Antoine de St. Maxent, the wealthiest man in Louisiana.

Unzaga was noted for allowing open trade. During the summer of 1776, he secretly helped the Americans by privately delivering five tons of gunpowder from the king's stores to Captain George Gibson and Lieutenant Linn of the Virginia Council of Defense. The gunpowder moved up the Mississippi under the protection of the flag of Spain and was used to thwart British plans to capture Fort Pitt.

From June 17, 1777, to December 10, 1782, Unzaga served as Captain General of Venezuela. In 1783 he became governor of Cuba, where one of his first actions was ordering a halt to the unrestrained cutting of cedar trees.

References

• Sources: Cazorla, Frank (Coord.) co-authors Cazorla-Granados, F.J.; G.Baena, Rosa; Polo, J.David: The Governor Luis de Unzaga (1717-1793) Pioneer involved in the birth of the United States of America and of Liberalism. Malaga Foundation, Malaga 2020. ISBN 9788409124107