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Calycophorae

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This article is about the group of marine animals sometimes called "shōei". For the Japanese actor, see Shōei.

Calycophorae
1. (center): "Rosacea cymbiformis", colony; 2. (top left): "Rosacea cymbiformis", group of an infertile and a male medusa; 3. (right): "Bassia bassensi", colony; 4. (top center): "Bassia bassensis", upper bell from above; 5. (bottom right): "Bassia bassensis", upper bell inside; 5. (bottom center): "Bassia bassensis", lower bell from below; 7. (top right): "Bassia bassensis", group of an infertile and a male medusa; 8. (bottom left): "Bassia bassensis", female medusa
  1. (center): Rosacea cymbiformis, colony;
  2. (top left): Rosacea cymbiformis, group of an infertile and a male medusa;
  3. (right): Bassia bassensi, colony;
  4. (top center): Bassia bassensis, upper bell from above;
  5. (bottom right): Bassia bassensis, upper bell inside;
  6. (bottom center): Bassia bassensis, lower bell from below;
  7. (top right): Bassia bassensis, group of an infertile and a male medusa;
  8. (bottom left): Bassia bassensis, female medusa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Hydrozoa
Order: Siphonophorae
Suborder: Calycophorae
Leuckart, 1854[1]
Families[2]
Synonyms[2]

Calycophorae is a suborder of siphonophores. The order includes the giant siphonophore, (Praya dubia); one of the longest lengthwise extant creatures (40-50m).

In Japanese they are called 鐘泳[4] (shōei) or 'swimming bell.'

Unlike members of Physonectae and Cystonectae, Calycophorans lack a pneumatophore (float) and only have a siphosome and a nectosome.[5] In the nectosome are typically only one or two nectophores (swimming bells), except in Hippopodiidae which have many.[2] The zooids in the siphosome repeat in a pattern, and each iteration is called a cormidium.[5] Except for in Hippopodiidae, which lack them, each cormidium has a single hydrophyllium (protective bract).[2] Occasionally the cormidia detach and become eudoxid (the sexual stage).[2] Calycophoran colonies are monoecious, containing male and female zooids.[2]

References

  1. ^ Leuckart R. (1854). Zur nähern Kenntniss der Siphonophoren von Nizza. Archiv für Naturgeschichte. 20(1): 249- 377, pl. 11- 13., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31374#page/257/mode/1up Archived 2016-04-16 at the Wayback Machine page(s): 256
  2. ^ a b c d e f Schuchert, P. (2019). World Hydrozoa Database. Calycophorae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=135333 Archived 2017-11-04 at the Wayback Machine on 2019-03-19
  3. ^ Haeckel, E. (1888). System der Siphonophoren auf phylogenetischer Grundlage entworfen. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft. 22: 1-46., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43887#page/11/mode/1up Archived 2019-04-04 at the Wayback Machine page(s): 31
  4. ^ Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology. (2009 onwards). Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL). Accessed on 2018-11-21. available online at http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/bismal Archived 2013-01-05 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ a b Dunn, Casey. "Siphonophores: Body Plan". Siphonophores. Archived from the original on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 19 March 2019.

Further reading

  • Totton, Arthur Knyvett 1965. A Synopsis of the Siphonophora. London, British Museum (Natural History). Pp. 230.
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