Kaiwaka
Kaiwaka | |
|---|---|
  Kaiwaka | |
| Coordinates: 36°9′40″S 174°26′37″E / 36.16111°S 174.44361°E | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Region | Northland Region |
| District | Kaipara District |
| Population (2018) | |
| • Total | 2,139 |
Kaiwaka "the little town of lights" is a settlement in Northland, New Zealand. The Kaiwaka River runs from the east through the area and joins with the Wairau River to form the Otamatea River, which drains into the Kaipara Harbour. State Highway 1 passes through Kaiwaka. Wellsford is 20 km south, Brynderwyn is 8 km north and Whangarei the closest city, being 60 km (45 minutes drive) north. The Mangawhai Heads are 18 km north east.[1][2]
The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "eating the canoes" for Kaiwaka.[3] Local tradition also speaks of a cloud that is only observed in this part of the Kaipara. It is seen as an omen that a high ranking person is about to pass on.[4]
History
Pre-European history
In February 1825, during the Musket Wars, a major battle between Ngā Puhi and Ngāti Whātua at Te Ika-a-ranga-nui near Kaiwaka resulted in over 170 deaths.[5][6]
European settlement
Kaiwaka became a trading and commercial point from the late 1850s.[7] As the kauri timber and gum industries declined towards the end of the century, dairy farming became established. The Hakaru Dairy Company was formed to serve Kaiwaka farmers in 1902.[8]
From the 1880s, steamers provided regular service to Kaiwaka from the Otamatea. The Minnie Casey ran a service every Tuesday from 1882. Services continued well into the 20th century.[9]
The Great North Road from Auckland to Whangarei passed through Kaiwaka, but was only a line on a map for much of the 19th century. Attempts were made to improve the road from 1895, and by 1900 the worst places on the road between Kaiwaka and Whangarei were metalled.[10] In 1911, Kaiwaka had a population of 211.[11]
The North Auckland railway line reached Kaiwaka in March 1913, although problems with the terrain, and World War I, meant that it was not extended significantly further north until the early 1920s.[12]
The Lands and Survey Department took over large blocks of unproductive land and developed them in the 1940s, and these were passed to returning soldiers in the early 1950s.[13]
Marae
Kaiwaka's Te Pounga Marae and meeting house on the central peninsula of Kaipara Harbour are a traditional meeting place for Te Uri o Hau and Ngāti Whātua.[14][15]
Demographics
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 1,452 | — |
| 2013 | 1,599 | +1.39% |
| 2018 | 2,139 | +5.99% |
| Source: [16] | ||
The statistical area of Kaiwaka, which at 259 square kilometres is much larger than the settlement, had a population of 2,139 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 540 people (33.8%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 687 people (47.3%) since the 2006 census. There were 747 households. There were 1,080 males and 1,056 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.02 males per female. Of the total population, 450 people (21.0%) were aged up to 15 years, 327 (15.3%) were 15 to 29, 996 (46.6%) were 30 to 64, and 363 (17.0%) were 65 or older. Figures may not add up to the total due to rounding.
Ethnicities were 79.0% European/Pākehā, 26.2% Māori, 3.5% Pacific peoples, 3.5% Asian, and 2.7% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 18.2, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people objected to giving their religion, 58.3% had no religion, 24.7% were Christian, and 9.5% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 237 (14.0%) people had a bachelor or higher degree, and 375 (22.2%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $26,200. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 786 (46.5%) people were employed full-time, 294 (17.4%) were part-time, and 48 (2.8%) were unemployed.[16]
Notable people
- Mary Jane Mander, journalist and novelist, attended school in Kaiwaka.[17]
- Tapihana Paraire Paikea, Member of Parliament for Northern Maori, died at Kaiwaka.
- Peter Panyoczki, visual artist, is a resident of Kaiwaka.
Education
Kaiwaka School is a coeducational contributing primary (years 1-6) school with a roll of 148 students as of August 2024.[18][19]
The school opened in September, 1871,[20] and the school celebrated its centennial in 1970.[21]
See also
Notes
- ^ Peter Dowling (editor) (2004). Reed New Zealand Atlas. Reed Books. pp. map 8. ISBN 0-7900-0952-8.
{{cite book}}:|author=has generic name (help) - ^ Roger Smith, GeographX (2005). The Geographic Atlas of New Zealand. Robbie Burton. pp. map 31. ISBN 1-877333-20-4.
- ^ "1000 Māori place names". New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 6 August 2019.
- ^ A.W. Read, Revised by Peter Dowling (2010). Place Names of New Zealand. Penguin Group. p. 193. ISBN 9780143204107.
- ^ Byrne, Brian (2002). The Unknown Kaipara. pp. 25–26. ISBN 0-473-08831-2.
- ^ Stone, Russell (2001). From Tamaki-Makau-Rau to Auckland. pp. 100–101.
- ^ Ryburn, Wayne (1999). Tall Spars, Steamers & Gum. p. 23. ISBN 0-473-06176-7.
- ^ Ryburn, p 65
- ^ Ryburn, pp 75, 79, 80-81, 176
- ^ Ryburn, pp 16, 91
- ^ Ryburn, p 162
- ^ Ryburn, p 184-185
- ^ Ryburn, p 168
- ^ "Te Kāhui Māngai directory". tkm.govt.nz. Te Puni Kōkiri.
- ^ "Māori Maps". maorimaps.com. Te Potiki National Trust.
- ^ a b "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Kaiwaka (109700). 2018 Census place summary: Kaiwaka
- ^ "Mander, Mary Jane 1877 - 1949". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography.
- ^ "New Zealand Schools Directory". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
- ^ Education Counts: Kaiwaka School
- ^ Ryburn, p 46
- ^ Littin, Jackson William (1970). The History of Education in the Kaiwaka District: 100 Years of Progress. Kaiwaka School Centennial Committee.