Chrysondyon
40°52′N 20°11′E / 40.867°N 20.183°E
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Chrysondyon (Greek: Χρυσονδύων; acc. Χρυσονδύωνα[1]) was an ancient Greek city located to the north of Mount Tomorr in the territory of Chaonia at the border of the region of Epirus with Illyria.[1][2][3][4] The city, according to Polybius, belonged to the Chaonian Greek subtribe of the Dexari.[2][3] Along with Gertus, Chrysondyon was situated between Lychnidus and Antipatrea.[5] Also known as Kodrion (Latin: "Codrio" or "Codrion"[6]), the earliest coins discovered in the city by archaeologists belong to Philip II of Macedon (r. 337–336 BC) and Kodrion figured in the military conflicts between the Greek kingdom of Macedon and the Roman Republic.[7] Currently, the city is probably located in the district of Gramsh, modern Albania.[8]
See also
References
Citations
- ^ a b Polybius. The Histories, 5.108.2: "ῆς δὲ Δασσαρήτιδος προσηγμένον πόλεις, τὰς μὲν φόβῳ, τὰς δ’ ἐπαγγελίαις, Ἀντιπάτρειαν, Χρυσονδύωνα, Γερτοῦντα, πολλὴν δὲ καὶ τῆς συνορούσης τούτοις Μακεδονίας"
- ^ a b Hammond 1994, p. 423.
- ^ a b Wilkes 1995, p. 98: "Behind the coast Illyrians bordered the Chaones, the Epirote people of whom the Dexari or Dassaretae were the most northerly and bordered the Illyrian Enchelei, the 'eel-men', whose name points to a location near Lake Ohrid. According to Polybius (5.108), the Dassaretae possessed several towns, though none has yet been definitely located, including Pelion, Antipatreia (probably Berat), Chrysondym, Gertous or Gerous and Creonion."
- ^ Cabanes 1976, p. 251: "[...] cités de Dassarétide, Antipatréia, Chrysondyon et Gertous [...]"
- ^ Hammond 1967, p. 607: "The other two towns, Chrysondyon and Gertous, probably lay on Scerdilaidas route, between Lycnidus and Antipatrea [...]"
- ^ Lewis & Short 1879, p. 358.
- ^ Stillwell, MacDonald & MacAllister 1976, RRMAIT ("Kodrion") Albania: "To the N of Mt. Tomor. The earliest coins yielded by excavation are of Philip II of Macedon; the massive circuit wall with a fine gateway dates probably to the late 4th century BC. Names are preserved on tile stamps and amphora seals; weapons, tools, and fibulas were found. Kodrion figured in the wars between Macedon and Rome (Livy 31.27.4)."
- ^ Hammond & Griffith 1972, p. 100: "[...] into the district of Gramsh, is probably to be identified with Codrion [...]"
Sources
- Cabanes, Pierre (1976). L'ÉPIRE: De la Mort de Pyrrhos à la Conquête Romaine (272-167) (in French). Paris: Annales Littéraires de l'Université de Besancon.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1994). "CHAPTER 9d. ILLYRIANS AND NORTH-WEST GREEKS". In Lewis, David Malcolm; Boardman, John; Hornblower, Simon; Ostwald, M. (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History: The Fourth Century B.C. Vol. VI. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 422–443. ISBN 0-521-23348-8.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière; Griffith, Guy Thompson (1972). A History of Macedonia: Historical Geography and Prehistory. Vol. I. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1967). Epirus: The Geography, the Ancient Remains, the History and the Topography of Epirus and Adjacent Areas. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879). A Latin Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Stillwell, Richard; MacDonald, William L.; MacAllister, Marian Holland, eds. (1976). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Wilkes, John (1995) [1992]. The Illyrians. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Limited. ISBN 0-631-19807-5.
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Further reading
- Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1982). "CHAPTER 40 ILLYRIS, EPIRUS AND MACEDONIA". In Boardman, John; Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History: The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C. Vol. III, Part 3 (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 261–285. ISBN 0-521-23447-6.
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