Armilus
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Armilus (Hebrew: ארמילוס) (also spelled Armilos and Armilius)[1] is an anti-messiah figure in medieval Jewish eschatology, comparable to medieval interpretations of the Christian Antichrist and Islamic Dajjal, who will conquer the whole Earth, centralizing in Jerusalem and persecuting the believers until his final defeat at the hands of the Messenger of God or the true Messiah. His inevitable destruction symbolizes the ultimate victory of good over evil in the Messianic Age.
Sources
The Sefer Zerubbabel is probably from the 7th century CE. Armilus is thought to be a cryptogram for Heraclius, a Byzantine emperor, and it is thought that the events described in the Sefer Zerubbabel coincide with the Jewish revolt against Heraclius.[2]
The 11th-century Midrash Vayosha, which describes Armilus, was first published at Constantinople in 1519.
According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, Armilus is "a king who will arise at the end of time against the Messiah, and will be conquered by him after having brought much distress upon Israel." He is spoken of in the Midrash Vayosha, Sefer Zerubbabel and other texts. He is an adversary similar to Gog and Magog. In the Sefer Zerubbabel he takes the place of Magog and defeats the Messiah ben Joseph.[3]: 60
The origin of this figure, said to be the offspring of Satan and a virgin, or Satan and a statue (or "stone"), is regarded as questionable by the Jewish Encyclopedia, due to the variation and clear relation (if not parody) to Christian doctrine, legend, and scripture.[4]
Name
The name might be derived from that of Romulus, one of the founders of Rome, or from Ahriman, the evil principle in Zoroastrianism (Arimainyus = Armalgus).[5]
Appearance
Midrash Vayosha depicts Armilus as bald, partially deaf, partially maimed, and partially leprous.[6]
See also
Notes
- ^ In the Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius (Greek redactions), Armalaos and Armaleus: A.C. Lolos, Die Apokalypse des Ps.-Methodios. Beiträge zur klassischen Philologie 83. Meisenheim am Glan: Hain, 1976. Chapter IX.
- ^ Jewish Martyrs in the Pagan and Christian Worlds. Cambridge university press. Cambridge , New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo. 2006. p. 108-109. ISBN 9781139446020. Retrieved 2014-01-10.
- ^ John C. Reeves (2005). Trajectories in Near Eastern Apocalyptic: A Postrabbinic Jewish Apocalypse Reader. Society of Biblical Literature Atlanta. ISBN 9781589831025. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
- ^ Armilus in the Jewish Encyclopedia
- ^ Armilus in the Jewish Encyclopedia
- ^ "Midrash Vayosha". Archived from the original on 2012-03-17. Retrieved 2011-06-23.