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Chen Lin (Ming dynasty)

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In this Chinese name, the family name is Chen (陈).
Chaojue
Chen Lin
广东伯 (Guangdong Master)
陈璘
Known forMing Dynasty general, naval commander

Winning the Imjin War, defending and rescuing Joseon Korea from Japan

Progenitor of Gwangdong Jin clan
FamilyGwangdong Jin clan
Chen Lin
Chinese陈璘
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinChen Lin
Chaojue
(courtesy name)
Chinese朝爵
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinChaojue
Guangdong Master
(name given after defeating Japan and defending Korea)
Chinese广东伯
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinGuangdong Bo

Chen Lin (simplified Chinese: 陈璘; traditional Chinese: 陳璘; Korean: 진린 Jin Lin; 1543–1607), courtesy name Chaojue (朝爵), born in Shaoguan, Guangdong, was a Chinese general and navy admiral of the Ming dynasty.

He quelled local uprisings in Guangdong and Guizhou. As commander in chief in the Battle of Noryang, he also led the Ming navy to win the Imjin War, defend Joseon Korea, and defeat the invading Japanese (led by Toyotomi Hideyoshi). He then became the founder of one of the Korean Jin Clans (Gwangdong Jin clan).

Chen Lin is considered a hero in both Korea and China for helping win the Imjin war and defeating the Japanese.[1] Today his descendants are spread across South China and Korea.

Career

Chen Lin was a native of Wengyuan County, Shaoguan, Guangdong province.[1]

Guangdong

He quelled the 1562 uprisings in Chaozhou and Yingde in Guangdong and was subsequently promoted to the Shoubei of Guangdong. Chen participated in various campaigns in Southern China against rebels and peasant uprisings thereafter. In May of the 40th year of the Wanli Emperor, the Ming court awarded Chen as tutor to the crown prince (太子太保) and allowed it to be hereditary. In the 46th year of Wanli, Chen enfeoffed his son Chen Jiuxiang (陈九相) with the title and inheritance.[2]

Korea and Japan

Chen Lin was dispatched in 1598 to help repulse the Japanese in Hideyoshi's Invasions of Korea, working with the Korean admiral Yi Sun-sin. The aid was in response to a request by the Joseon Dynasty. Chen and Yi both fought in the Battle of Noryang, which ended Hideyoshi's attempts to invade Korea. See details in Imjin War section below.

Guizhou and Miao

After campaigning in Korea, Chen was promoted and gained control of troops in Hunan and Guangdong. He led troops to quell the Miao (Hmong) uprising in Zunyi, Guizhou province.[3] He also helped quell the Bozhou rebellion.[4]

Imjin War

In June 1592 (20th year), in order to fight against the Japanese invasion into Chosun, Chen Lin became Heavenly General of the 7th Battalion (신기칠영연용참장，神機七營練勇參將).[5] October that year, he was appointed as Shenshuyou Deputy General (신추우부장、神樞右副將).[6]

In 1593 (21st year), he became Deputy commander-in-chief of anti-Japanese pirates in Jilin, Liaoning, Baoding, Shandong and other places (薊遼保定山東等處防海倭副總兵) and deputy commander-in-chief of the General Military Department of Langshouji Town (恊守薊鎮副總兵署都督僉事).[7]

When the Japanese army stepped down a little bit, the Japanese government was fed up with the war, and on June 17 of that year, Chen was transferred from the Japanese Military Police Department to the Minister of Cooperative Federation (保定山東等處防海禦倭副總兵署都督僉事).[8]

On September 9, 1597 (the 25th year of Wanli's reign), he was appointed as a vice-president and ordered to lead 5,000 soldiers from Guangdong Province to save Joseon.[9]

On October 17 of the same year, Chen was officially appointed as a provincial governor (署都督僉事) because of his contribution to the suppression of the Gwangseo (廣西) Jamgye (岑溪) immigrants.[10]

On February 23, 1598 (the 26th year of Wanli's reign), Chen Lin became the Deputy Governor-General of Japan (禦倭總兵官), authorized and appointed by the secretariat (of the central Ming government).[11]

In 1597, King Seonjo's 30th year of King Seonjo's reign, Chen joined Joseon with 5,000 sailors and established a co-naval force with Yi Sun-sin. Yi greatly admired Chen's leadership and skill in combat. During the naval battle, Admiral Yi passed away, and Chen alongside the other Koreans helped finish off the Japanese. Chen and the Ming used guns to help win the battles and defend Korea. Chen later reported the battle and Yi's death to the Wanli Emperor. He was awarded eight trophies for his prowess in battle.[12] After the war, Koreans and the Ming gave Chen the title Guangdong Master (廣東伯 Guangdong Bo).[13]

Battle of Noryang

Main article: Battle of Noryang

Descendants

Chen died of natural causes, but today, his descendants are spread across Guangdong, Guangxi, and Sichuan provinces, as well as Korea.

Korean descendants

Chen Lin is the founder of one of the Korean clans, Gwangdong Jin clan, and one of his grandsons, Chen Yongsu (陈泳素), settled in Korea. In 1644, at the end of the Ming, Chen Yongsu did not wish to give allegiance to the rising Qing dynasty, so Chen fled to Joseon Korea, where the Korean people warmly welcomed and protected him as a hero's descendant. Chen settled in South Jeolla Province.[1] Today the Gwandong Jin clan has over 300 households and more than 1200-2000 people.[14] Some members traveled to China to celebrate the victory of Chen Lin in the Korea-Japan war.[15]

The descendants of Chen in Korea knew their home country was China, but they did not know where exactly in China, until recent research.[1]

Cultural portrayals

Movies and Dramas

See also

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d 金羊网 (2002-12-08). "陈璘后裔翁源祭祖宗". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30.
  2. ^ 《明实录·神宗实录》卷570：“甲辰录荫原任征倭总兵陈璘男陈九相为广东南乡所指挥世袭”（万历四十年五月，朝廷追赠陈璘为太子太保，赐一子为百户并允以世袭。万历四十六年五月，荫封其子陈九相为广东南乡所指挥并世袭）
  3. ^ 苏涟 (2005-10-26). "陈璘乌江退兵". Archived from the original on 2007-09-29.
  4. ^ Dardess, John (2012), Ming China 1368-1644 A Concise History of A Resilient Empire, Roman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
  5. ^ 『大明神宗顯皇帝實錄』 卷249 萬曆20년 6월 21일 2번째기사 (Mingshi)
  6. ^ 『大明神宗顯皇帝實錄』 卷253 萬曆20년 10월 13일 2번째기사
  7. ^ 『大明神宗顯皇帝實錄』 卷256 萬曆21년 정월 7일 1번째기사
  8. ^ 『大明神宗顯皇帝實錄』 卷261 萬曆21년 6월 17일 3번째기사
  9. ^ 『大明神宗顯皇帝實錄』 卷314 萬曆25년 9월 9일 2번째기사
  10. ^ 『大明神宗顯皇帝實錄』 卷315 萬曆25년 10월 17일 3번째기사
  11. ^ 『大明神宗顯皇帝實錄』 卷319 萬曆26년 2월 23일 1번째기사
  12. ^ 令牌、都督印、鬼刀、斬刀、曲喇叭、督戰旗、紅小令旗、藍小令旗
  13. ^ 『大明神宗顯皇帝實錄』
  14. ^ 여운창 (2011-10-02). "명량대첩축제 찾은 명나라 장군 후손". 연합뉴스 (in Korean). Retrieved 2020-07-18.
  15. ^ 365年夢圓 明代抗倭英雄陳璘後裔雲浮尋根 - 中國僑界2004/12/23

Other Reading

  • “论壬申之役中的陈璘”颜广文（东亜人文学第九集）
  • 明史/卷247


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