Youzhou Jiedushi
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Yōuzhōu Jiédùshǐ (幽州), also known as Yōujì Jiédùshǐ (幽薊), Yānjì Jiédùshǐ (燕薊), Fànyáng Jiédùshǐ (范陽), and Lúlóng Jiédùshǐ (盧龍), was a military district during the Tang dynasty. It covered the area of Yānjì (燕薊) in what is now the Beijing and Hebei region. Youzhou was the base of operations for An Lushan as well as one of the revolting three garrisons of Hebei.
Tang Xuanzong created the Youzhou Jiedushi in the year 713 as a buffer against the Kumo Xi and Khitans.
In the year 742 the jiedushi's name was changed to Fanyang Jiedushi.
An Lushan and Shi Siming used the Fanyang, Hedong, and Pinglu regions as the base of their rebellion and in 756 the Great Yan dynasty was established. The dynasty was extinguished in 763 with the death of Shi Siming's son, Shi Chaoyi, who was the last person to claim the title as Yan's emperor.
After the Anshi Rebellion had ended the military district was renamed Youzhou Jiedushi. However, due to the prominence of the Lulong Army and its association with the place, it came to be known as Lulong Jiedushi.
In 763 Lǐ Huáixiān (李懷仙) surrendered to the Tang. Due to the volatile situation in Hebei, the court decided to appease the Yan dynasty's former allies and appointed Li Huaixian as the jiedushi of Youzhou, Lulong with semi-autonomous authority. Li Huaixian was assassinated 768 by his subordinates Zhu Xicai, Zhu Ci, and Zhu Tao. Zhu Xicai subsequently took over command and solidified his rule over the region after defeating an army sent by Li Baochen, a friend of Li Huaixian's seeking revenge over his death.
During the period between 780 and 783 Zhu Tao entitled himself Prince of Jì (冀王).
In the year 819 Youzhou Jiedushi Liú Zǒng (劉總) affirmed his allegiance to the Tang dynasty. Two years later the court appointed Zhang Hongjing as jiedushi of Youzhou, Lulong. However, due to misrule, the area once more came under the control of warlords. This situation persisted to the end of the Tang dynasty.