AK-630

AK-630
AK-630
	File:Duetak630m2.jpg AK-630M-2 Duet with low RCS turret; (the most recent variant of the system)
Type	Close-in weapon system
Place of origin	Soviet Union, Russia
Service history
In service	1976–present;
Used by	See Operators
Production history
Designer	System:; TsKIB SOO (Mikhail Knebelman;; Vasily Bakalev (AK-603M1-2)); Cannon:; KBP Instrument Design Bureau; (Vasily Gryazev, Arkady Shipunov); Fire control system:; Zavod Topaz (V. P. Yegorov):; Vympel MR-123,; Vympel-A MR-123/176; Ametist Design Bureau:; Vympel-AM MR-123-02/MR-123-03,; Vympel-AME MR-123-02/176
Designed	1963–1973 (AK-630); 1983–1989 (1993) (AK-603M1-2)
Manufacturer	Tulamashzavod
Produced	1972–present
Variants	AK-630M, AK-630M1;; AK-306 (non-CIWS);; AK-603M1-2, AK-603M-2 Duet
Specifications
Mass	Gun mount:; 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) (AK-630); 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) (AK-630M); 2,500 kg (5,500 lb); (AK-603M1-2, AK-603M-2); External nodes:; 800 kg (1,800 lb) (AK-630); 2000 rounds in belt:; 1,918 kg (4,228 lb); Fire control system:; ? (Vympel MR-123); ? (Vympel-A MR-123/176); 5.2 tonnes (5.7 short tons); (Vympel-AM MR-123-02/MR-123-03; and Vympel-AME MR-123-02/176); 1 tonne (2,200 lb) (Laska 5P-10E)
Barrel length	1,629 mm (64 in) (total); 1,460 mm (57 in) (rifled)
Height	1,070 mm (42 in) (above deck); 2,050 mm (81 in) (below deck)
Crew	1
Shell	HEI-Frag, Frag-T
Shell weight	0.39 kg (0.86 lb)
Caliber	30×165mm AO-18
Barrels	6, 12
Elevation	+88° ... -12° (50°/sec)
Traverse	±180° (70°/sec)
Rate of fire	4,000–10,000 rpm
Muzzle velocity	880–900 m/s
Effective firing range	4,000 m (4,400 yd) (aerial); 5,000 m (5,500 yd) (maritime)
Maximum firing range	8,100 m (8,900 yd)
Feed system	Belt, 2,000–4,000 rounds
Sights	Radar, optical and TV systems
Main; armament	1 or 2 AO-18 autocannons

The AK-630 is a Soviet and Russian fully automatic naval close-in weapon system based on a six-barreled 30 mm Gatling gun. In "630", "6" means 6 barrels and "30" means 30 mm. It is mounted in an enclosed automatic turret and directed by radar and television detection and tracking. The system's primary purpose is defense against anti-ship missiles and other precision guided weapons. However it can also be employed against fixed or rotary wing aircraft, ships and other small craft, coastal targets, and floating mines. The AK-630 was one of the first ever CIWS systems: when it was developed, there were no Phalanx, DARDO or Goalkeeper systems; however, the long development time of the AK-630 partially negated this advantage. Once operational, this weapon system was rapidly adopted, with up to 8 units installed in every new Soviet warship (from mine-hunters to aircraft carriers), and hundreds produced in total.

Description

The complete weapon system is called A-213-Vympel-A, which comprises the AK-630M Gun Mount, MR-123-02 Fire Control Radar System, and SP-521 Electrical-Optical Tracker. A single MP-123 radar system can simultaneously control two guns, either two 30 mm gun mounts, or two 57 mm gun mounts, or one 30 mm gun and one 57 mm gun. The radar system can engage aerial and surface targets at 4 km and 5 km respectively. The electro-optical system can detect a MiG-21 sized aerial target 7 km away while torpedo boat sized surface targets can be detected at a range of up to 70 km. Features include surveillance and tracking modes, high jamming immunity, laser range finder and TV optical sight. It is in operation on almost all Russian Navy ships from fast attack boats to the Kirov Battlecruiser.

The gun mount is fully automated, and can also be remotely controlled by an operator from either the control console or via a remotely-mounted gunsight. It has a higher firing rate than both the Goalkeeper and Phalanx (Block 1 and older) CIWS systems. They are often mounted in pairs, with as many as four pairs mounted on the larger ships, providing an effective point defence system. However, like all Gatling gun-based CIWS, they suffer from short engagement times and the need for multiple volleys to effectively eradicate a threat.

Development

The AK-630 CIWS is composed of several members and sometimes the CADS-N-1 Kashtan system and its derivative are also included.

AK-630

The design of the AK-630 CIWS was initiated in 1963, with the first operational prototype completed in 1964. Trials of the complete system, including radar and controls went on until 1976 when the system was accepted for service.

AK-630M

During the deployment of the system, numerous problems that did not appear in trials were exposed in its application, and some modification of the original AK-630 was made to correct these problems, and in 1979, the new system was named as AK-630M and was accepted into service.

AK-306

A derivatives of AK-630M was developed for light craft and this system was named as AK-306. Externally, the air-cooled AK-306 can be distinguished from the AK-630 by the absence of the water cooling system (a cylindrical jacket that surrounds the barrel cluster of the AK-630). Internally, the AK-306 (A-219) used electricity to power the automatics, instead of using the exhaust. This version also lacked radar control, being only optically guided, hence making it less of an anti-missile weapon and more of a surface-to-surface weapon, and the designation of the overall system is consequently changed from A-213-Vympel-A to A-219. The design started in 1974 and the system was accepted into service in 1980. When production was completed in 1986, 125 systems were in service.

AK-630M1-2

In 1983, a decision was made to update the design and modify the AK-630 system to include a second gun mounted above the first, which provides 10,000 rpm in total. The AK-630M1-2 "Roy" was roughly the same size and weight allowing installation in existing AK-630 mounts. Though the system proved to be successful, the AK-630M1-2 Roy was not accepted for production due to the maturity of a combined missile and gun system, then designated the 3M87 Kortik, but later called Kashtan. The single example of AK-630M1-2 Roy remains installed on the Project 206.6 class missile boat # P-44.

In July 2007 at IMDS-2007, a modernized version of the AK-630M1-2 was showcased by OAO AK Tulamashzavod under the new name "Duet". Visually "Duet" differs from "Roy" in having a new mount with a stealthy low RCS design compared with the more traditional rounded AK-630 mounts.

In 2012 it was announced that the new Ivan Gren-class landing ship would be armed with the modified AK-630M-2 system.^[7]

Comparison with current CIWS

**Comparison of some modern CIWS**
	AK-630^[8]	AK-630M1-2^[9]	Phalanx CIWS ^[10]	Goalkeeper CIWS	DARDO^[11]
Weight	9,114 kg (20,093 lb)	11,819 kg (26,056 lb)	6,200 kg (13,700 lb)	9,902 kg (21,830 lb)	5,500 kg (12,100 lb)
Armament	30 mm (1.2 in) 6 barreled GSh-6-30 Gatling Gun	2 x 30 mm (1.2 in) 6 barreled GSh-6-30 Gatling Gun	20 mm (0.79 in) 6 barreled M61 Vulcan Gatling Gun	30 mm (1.2 in) 7 barreled GAU-8 Gatling Gun	40 mm (1.6 in) 2 barreled Bofors 40 mm
Rate of Fire	5,000 rounds per minute	10,000 rounds per minute	4,500 rounds per minute	4,200 rounds per minute	600/900 round per minute
(effective/ flat-trajectory) Range	4,000 m (13,000 ft)	4,000 m (13,000 ft)	3,600 m (11,800 ft)	2,000 m (6,600 ft)	4,000 m (13,000 ft)
Ammunition storage	2,000 rounds	4,000 rounds	1,550 rounds	1,190 rounds	736 rounds
Muzzle velocity	900 m (3,000 ft) per second	900 m (3,000 ft) per second	1,100 m (3,600 ft) per second	1,109 m (3,638 ft) per second	1,000 m (3,300 ft) per second
Elevation	-12 to +88 degrees	-12 to +88 degrees	-25 to +85 degrees	-25 to +85 degrees	-13 to +85 degrees
Traverse	±180 degrees	±180 degrees	-150 to +150 degrees	360 degrees	360 degrees