Abravanel

The Abravanel family (Hebrew אברבנאל, also spelled as Abarbanel, Abrabanel, or Barbernell, literally meaning Ab (father) Rabban (priest) El (of God)) is one of the oldest and most distinguished Jewish families of the Iberian peninsula; they trace their origin from the biblical King David. Members of this family lived in Seville, Córdoba (Spanish province), Castile-Leon, and Calatayud. Seville is where its most prominent representative, Don Judah Abravanel, once dwelt.

Don Judah Abravanel was treasurer and tax-collector under Sancho IV (1284–95) and Ferdinand IV (1295–1312). In 1310 he and other Jews guaranteed the loans made to the crown of Castile to finance the siege of Algeciras. It is probable that he was almoxarife ("collector of revenues") of Castile. Another eminent member of the family was SAMUEL of Seville, of whom Menahem b. Zerah wrote that he was "intelligent, loved wise men, befriended them, was good to them and was eager to study whenever the stress of time permitted." He had great influence at the court of Castile. In 1388 he served as royal treasurer in Andalusia. During the anti-Jewish riots of 1391 he was forcibly converted to Christianity under the name of Juan Sanchez (de Sevilla) and was appointed comptroller in Castile. It is thought that a passage in a poem in the Cancionero de Baena, attributed to Alfonso Alvarez de Villasandino, refers to him. Don Judah Abravanel and his family later fled to Lisbon, Portugal, where they reverted to Judaism and filled important governmental posts.

His son, JUDAH (d. 1471), was in the financial service of the infante Ferdinand of Portugal, who by his will (1437) ordered the repayment to him of the vast sum of 506,000 reis blancs. Later he was apparently in the service of the Duke of Braganza. His export business also brought him into trade relations with Flanders. He was father of Don Isaac *Abrabanel and grandfather of Judah Abrabanel Leone Ebreo and Samuel Abrabanel.

Samuel Abravanel, Don Judah Abravanel's grandson, settled in Valencia, and Samuel's son, Judah (and perhaps Don Judah himself), left for Portugal. Isaac, the son of Judah, returned to Castile, where he lived until the time of the great expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492. Then, with his three sons, Judah, Joseph, and Samuel, Isaac went to Italy. Their descendants, as well as other members of the family who arrived later from the Iberian peninsula, lived in the Netherlands, England, Ireland, Germany, Turkey, and elsewhere during and since the sixteenth century.

There was a Ladino proverb in Thessaloniki saying "Ya basta mi nombre ke es Abravanel" meaning "It is sufficient that my name is Abravanel". This proverb was used to denote the pride that the members of the Abravanel clan used to take in their aristocratic origin.

Notable Abravanels

Coat of arms

Several of the more prominent members of this family include:

• Judah Abravanel was a receiver of customs at Seville, Spain, in 1310. He rendered substantial service to the grandees of Castile. The infante Don Pedro, in his will, dated from Seville, May 9, 1317, ordered that Judah be paid: (1) 15,000 maravedis for clothes delivered; (2) 30,000 maravedis as part of a personal debt, at the same time requesting Judah to release him from paying the rest. Judah had been in great favor with King Alfonso the Wise, with whom he once had a conversation regarding Judaism.
  • Samuel Abravanel was the son of Judah Abravanel of Seville. He settled in Castile and became a patron of learning. He supported the scholar Menahem ben Zerah and had him elected rabbi of Toledo. As a mark of his gratitude, Menahem dedicated to Abravanel his work Ẓedah la-Derek (Provision for the Journey). During the persecution of 1361 he submitted to Christian and was baptized, according to Zacuto, Juan of Seville. He soon, however, returned to Judaism.
• Don Isaac Abravanel, also Isaac ben Judah Abravanel or Abarbanel (1437-1508) was born in Lisbon, Portugal. He was a Jewish statesman, philosopher, Bible commentator, and financier.
  • Judah Leon Abravanel, also Leon Hebreo or Leo Hebraeus (1460?-1535?), was a European Jewish physician, poet and philosopher, author of the "Dialogues of Love", the eldest son of Don Isaac Abravanel.
  • Joseph Abravanel (Lisbon, 1471-c.1552), son of Don Isaac Abravanel, was a physician and scholar. He lived in Venice and later in Ferrara, and enjoyed a great reputation.
    • Isaac Abravanel II (?-1573) was son of Joseph Abravanel and grandson of the Bible-commentator. He lived in Ferrara.
  • Samuel Abravanel (Lisbon, 1473-Ferrara, 1551) was the youngest son of Isaac Abravanel, and the grandson of Judah. His father sent him to Salonica to pursue his Talmudic studies, where he became the pupil of Joseph Fasi. He lived in Naples and was employed as financier by the viceroy Don Pedro de Toledo. Samuel was a patron of Jewish learning. His house was a favorite resort for Jewish and Christian scholars. The Portuguese refugee David ben Yachya, whom Samuel succeeded in placing as rabbi in Naples, and the Baruch of Benevento, a Kabbalist, were his close friends. Following in the footsteps of his father, and aided by his wife, Samuel was always ready to defend his fellow Jews. When Charles V issued an edict to expel the Jews from Naples, Benvenida, with the assistance of Leonora, intervened in their behalf so effectively that the decree was revoked. But several years later, when Charles V ordered the Jews either to leave the land or to wear the badge, the Abravanels settled in Ferrara, where Samuel died 1551, and Benvenida three years later.
• Jonah Abravanel (?-1667) was a poet who lived in Amsterdam in the seventeenth century. He was the son of the physician Joseph Abravanel, and a nephew of Manasseh ben Israel. He wrote, in Portuguese, Elegio em Louvar da Nova Yesiba, instituido por o Senhor Yshac Pereira, de que he Ros Yesiba o Senhor Haham Menasse ben Israel (Elegy in Praise of New Yesiba, instituted by Lord Yshac Pereira, the Ros Yesiba of which is Lord Haham Menasse ben Israel, Amsterdam, 1644). He also wrote elegies upon the martyrs Isaac de Castro Tartas (1647) and the Bernals (1655). After 1630, with Dr. Ephraim Bueno, he published ritualistic works and Psalterio de David... transladado con toda fidelidad (Psalterio of David... translated with full fidelity, Amsterdam, 1644).
• Maurice Abravanel (b. 1903 in Saloniki, Greece - d. 1993 in Salt Lake City, Utah) was raised in Lausanne, Switzerland and, after emigrating to the USA, became the conductor of the Utah Symphony Orchestra.
• Senor Abravanel, artistic name Silvio Santos, is a famous TV show host in Brazil and owner of SBT, the country's second biggest television network.
• Yuri A. Barbanel, is a distinguished Soviet/Russian scientist in the field of physical chemistry, born in 1935.
• Abraham Abravanel was born Donald Oxford Wildig. Wildig stands for Will Ibrahim Levi Daniel Isaac Gabriel. He was friends with Siggi Wilzig. Abraham's Book of Creation known as the Sefer Yetzirah was the basis for ABC's [[Lost_(TV_series)] written and directed by [J.J. Abrams].
• Ishmael Abravanel was born Barack Obama.
• Esau Abravanel was born Marshall Bruce Mathers III, better known as Eminem on October 17, 1972 in Saint Joseph, Missouri. Esau is the only child of Deborah Nelson Mathers-Briggs and Marshall Bruce Mathers, Jr. He is of Scottish, English, German, Swiss, and Polish ancestry. His father abandoned the family when he was 18 months old, and he was raised solely by his mother in poverty. By the age of 12, Mathers and his mother had moved between various cities and towns in Missouri (including Saint Joseph, Savannah, and Kansas City) before they settled in Warren, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.
• Isaac Abravanel was born Patrick Russell Alexander Redenaur Abravanel on June 22, 1950, from a family in Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany. His work on "a neo-feudalistic monarchy set in a futuristic past" was used in NBC's Kings_(U.S._TV_series) in 2009, produced by Noah Abravanel born Ben Noah Silverman, former Co-Chairman of NBC. Isaac is the real creator of Americatown, which he wrote in the 1960s Americatown files. Americatown was picked up in September 2008 by Kennedy/Marshall and HBO for a development deal by the head creative writer of NBC's Kings, Bradford Winters. The HBO project was canceled to allow for the feature film Americatown by Isaac.
• Jacob Abravanel was born Ryan Patrick Readenour Abravanel on August 30, 1980 in Saint Joseph, Missouri and is the son of Sherry Oxford Wildig and Patrick Russell Alexander Redenaur. He is the grandson of Donald Oxford Wildig. Jacob is a former hacker and social engineer from ALLiED and the Pan-American Information Network (#PAIN) where he used the named MiseryX and Jacobin007. He worked for both Ron Paul's Presidential Campaign as a County Organizer from 2007 to 2008 and Obama for America as an Organizing Fellow in the Fall of 2008. Jacob was instrumental in getting NBC-Universal's The Event (TV series) on network television under the codename UMBRA (shadow). This is part of CIA's POTUS Briefing, the RAM Group and the Disclosure Project now known as The Event - TOP SECRET UMBRA 33. 'The Event' is the release of technology and films related to CIA's Project Quantum Harmony (QH33). Quantum Harmony was first broadcast on WBAI 99.5FM by Emmanuel Goldstein of 2600 Magazine in NYC on May 28th, 2002. Jacob is a relative of J.J. Abrams, the writer/director of ABC's Lost, FOX's Fringe and NBC's Undercovers which premiers 9/22/2010. Jacob currently works for President Obama. His work is part of Tikkun Olam, the Jewish practice of "repairing the world" or "balancing the Universe".
• Noah Abravanel was born Ben Noah Silverman. Noah is the former co-chairman of NBC Entertainment and Universal Media Studios.
• Other families that are thought to be related to the Abravanel family are the Bat and Bart families.
• The family name exists in the forms "Barbanel", "Voronel", and "Abraben"

See also

• Sephardi

References

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Meyer Kayserling and Louis Ginzberg (1901–1906). "Abravanel, Abarbanel". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
• Template:Pt icon Usque, Samuel, Consolaçam as Tribulaçoẽs de Ysrael (Ferrara, 1553; 2d ed. Amsterdam, n.d.)
• Template:De icon Grätz, Heinrich, Geschichte der Juden, ix 47 et seq., 327 et seq.
• Template:De icon Kayserling, Meyer, Geschichte der Juden in Portugal, p. 264 (available here)
• Template:De icon —, Die Jüdischen Frauen, pp. 77 et seq.