Academy of Painting (Santiago, Chile)
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| Academy of Painting, Santiago Academia de Pintura | |
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Santiago, Chile | |
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| Other names | Department of Visual Arts, Arts Faculty, University of Chile |
| Former names | School of Fine Arts of Santiago, Escuela de Bellas Artes |
| School type | Fine art school |
| Established | March 17, 1849 |
Academy of Painting (Spanish: Academia de Pintura), also known as the School of Fine Arts of Santiago (Spanish: Escuela de Bellas Artes de Santiago), was a Chilean art school, founded on March 17, 1849 in Santiago, Chile.[1][2][3] Initially located in a building of the University of San Felipe, now the site of the Municipal Theater of Santiago, it underwent relocation in 1891 and adopted the name Escuela de Bellas Artes. In 1910, the institution merged with the Museo de Bellas Artes, effectively discontinuing its operations as a separate entity.[4][5] In 1932, it merged with and is now known as the Department of Visual Arts within the Arts Faculty, University of Chile.
The academy trained several early Chilean artists, including figures later recognized as the “four great masters of Chilean painting,” as well as artists influenced by Pedro Lira and Antonio Smith, and those associated with the Generation of 1913. Its directors included Alejandro Ciccarelli, Ernesto Kirchbach, Juan Mochi, Cosme San Martín—the first Chilean to hold the position—and Virginio Arias.
Many of its students originated from regions outside Santiago, including Alfredo Valenzuela Puelma and Alfredo Helsby from Valparaíso, and Valenzuela Llanos from San Fernando.
History
[edit]The creation of the Academy of Painting was part of the educational plan of President Manuel Bulnes.[6] These initiatives were part of broader efforts to educate Chilean youth in diverse fields of intellectual activity, resulting in the establishment of primary schools, teacher training programs, high schools, and the University of Chile.
The promotion of various artistic disciplines continued with the founding of the School of Arts and Crafts (1849), the Conservatory of Music (1850), the introduction of architecture classes under the supervision of French architect François Brunet de Baines (1849), and the establishment of ornamentation and sculpture classes (1854) under the direction of Auguste François.
The academy was originally located in the building belonging to the San Felipe University, in what is today the Municipal Theatre of Santiago. The school name changed to Escuela de Bellas Artes from 1891 until 1932. Various changes led the academy to merge with the Chilean National Museum of Fine Arts (Spanish: Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes) in 1910, and then later to hand its administration over to the University of Chile in 1932.[6]
The Academy of Painting would produce the country of Chile's first national artists. Despite the significance of the academy, some art historians criticized the early period (1849 to 1915) as one of the dullest in the history of Chilean art and have based their criticism on first Director Alejandro Ciccarelli's attempt to copy the European model of teaching art.[5]
Notable people
[edit]It would be the starting point for some of the most prominent Chilean painters, including the four great masters of Chilean painting, Pedro Lira, Juan Francisco González, Alfredo Valenzuela Puelma,[7] and Alberto Valenzuela Llanos; their pupils; and also the future “Generación del 13” (13 Generation) painting collective.[8] Notable academy students included Antonio Smith, Elisa Berroeta, Cosme San Martín, Onofre Jarpa, and Manuel Antonio Caro.[4][9]
Directors
[edit]The academy's early Directors were Europeans, the Neapolitan artist Alejandro Ciccarelli;[10] the German artist Ernst Kirchbach;[10] and the Florentine Giovanni "Juan" Mochi.[6] The first Chilean to hold the Director position was Cosme San Martín.[11]
- Alejandro Ciccarelli (1849 to 1869)[10]
- Ernst Kirchbach (1869 to 1875)[10]
- Juan Mochi (1876 to 1881)
- Cosme San Martin (1881 to 1893)[11]
- Pedro Lira (1893 to 1900)[12]
- Virginio Arias (1900 to 1911)[13]
- Fernando Alvarez de Sotomayor (1911 to 1915)[14]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Romera, Antonio (1976). Historia de la Pintura Chilena (PDF). Santiago: Editorial Del Pacific S. A.
- ^ "Academia de Pintura - Artistas Visuales Chilenos". Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
- ^ Vázquez, Oscar E. (2020-05-28). Academies and Schools of Art in Latin America. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-18753-4.
- ^ a b Schell, Patience A. "Relics and Selves: Iconographies of the National in Argentina, Brazil and Chile, 1880-1890, High Art and High Ideals: The Museo Nacional de Pintura and the Development of Art in Chile, 1870-1890". University of London, Birkbeck. Retrieved 2022-06-29.
- ^ a b Ripamonti Montt, Valentina (2010). "Academia de Pintura en Chile: Anhelo de Cambio y Tradición Republicana". Intus-Legere Historia. 4 (1): 127–156.
- ^ a b c "Academia de Pintura (1849-)". Memoria Chilena: Portal (in Spanish). Memoria Chilena, Biblioteca Nacional de Chile (National Heritage Service). Retrieved 2022-06-30.
- ^ "Alfredo Valenzuela Puelma - Artistas Visuales Chilenos". Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes. Retrieved 2022-06-30.
- ^ "Generación del 13 - Artistas Visuales Chilenos". Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes. Retrieved 2022-06-30.
- ^ Ramírez, Verónica; Romo, Manuel; Ulloa, Carla (2017). Antología Crítica de Mujeres en la Prensa Chilena del Siglo XIX [Critical Anthology of Women in the Chilean Press 19th century] (in Spanish). Ñuñoa. ISBN 978-9562609821.
- ^ a b c d "Alessandro Ciccarelli - Artistas Visuales Chilenos". Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes. Retrieved 2022-06-30.
- ^ a b "Cosme San Martín - Artistas Visuales Chilenos, AVCh, MNBA". Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes. Retrieved 2022-06-30.
- ^ Schell, Patience A. "Relics and Selves: Iconographies of the National in Argentina, Brazil and Chile, 1880-1890, Pedro Lira, Painter and Critic". University of London, Birkbeck. Retrieved 2022-06-30.
- ^ "Virginio Arias". Portal de Arte (Portal of Art). Archived from the original on 2022-12-22. Retrieved 2022-06-30.
- ^ "Memorias de Fernando Álvarez de Sotomayor". SciELO - Scientific electronic library online (in Spanish). Universum. 2018. ISSN 0718-2376. Retrieved 2022-06-30.
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