Active-matrix liquid-crystal display
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2007) |
An active-matrix liquid-crystal display (AMLCD) is a type of flat panel display, the only viable technology for high-resolution TVs, monitors, notebook computers, tablet computers and smartphones with an LCD screen, due to low weight, very good image quality, wide color gamut and response time.
The concept of active-matrix LCDs was invented by Bernard J. Lechner at the RCA Laboratories in 1968.[1]The first functional AMLCD display with thin-film transistors was made by T Peter Brody and his team at Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1973.[2] However, it took years of additional research by others to launch successful products.
Introduction
The most common type of LCD display contains, besides the polarizing sheets and cells of liquid crystal, a matrix of TFTs to make a TFT-LCD.[3] These devices store the electrical state of each pixel on the display while all the other pixels are being updated. This method provides a much brighter, sharper display than a passive matrix of the same size. An important specification for these displays is their viewing-angle.
Thin-film transistors (TFT) are usually used for constructing an active matrix (AM) so that the two terms are often interchanged, even though a thin-film transistor is just one component in an active matrix and some active-matrix designs have used other components such as diodes. Whereas a passive matrix display uses a simple conductive grid to apply a voltage to the liquid crystals in the target area, an active-matrix display uses a grid of transistors and capacitors with the ability to hold a charge for a limited period of time. Because of the switching action of transistors, only the desired pixel receives a charge, and the pixel acts as a capacitor to hold the charge until the next refresh cycle, improving image quality over a passive matrix. This is a special version of a sample-and-hold¨circuit.
See also
References
- ^ Press release by IEEE, Aug. 2011
- ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1109/T-ED.1975.18214, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1109/T-ED.1975.18214instead. - ^ "History of TFT LCD". Retrieved 2011-02-22.
There are many kinds of AMLCD. For their integrated switching devices most use transistors made of deposited thin films, which are therefore called thin-film transistors (TFTs).