Carolus-Duran
Charles Auguste Émile Durand | |
|---|---|
| Carolus-Duran | |
 Portrait of Carolus-Duran (1879) by John Singer Sargent. | |
| Born | 4 July 1837 Lille, France |
| Died | 17 February 1917 (aged 79) Paris, France |
| Alma mater | Académie des Beaux-Arts |
| Known for | director of the French Academy in Rome |
| Awards | commander of the Legion of Honour |
Charles Auguste Émile Durand, known as Carolus-Duran[1] (Lille 4 July 1837 – 17 February 1917 Paris), was a French painter and art instructor. He is noted for his stylish depictions of members of high society in Third Republic France.
Biography
He was the son of a hotel owner. His first drawing lessons were with a local sculptor named Augustin-Phidias Cadet de Beaupré (1800–?) at the Académie de Lille; then took up painting with François Souchon,[2] a student of Jacques Louis David. He went to Paris in 1853, where he adopted the name "Carolus-Duran". In 1859, he had his first exhibition at the Salon. That same year, he began attending the Académie Suisse, where he studied until 1861. One of his early influences was the Realism of Gustave Courbet.[3]
From 1862 to 1866, he travelled to Rome and Spain, thanks to a scholarship granted by his hometown. During that time, he moved away from Courbet's style and became more interested in Diego Velázquez.[4] Upon returning to France, he was awarded his first gold medal at the Salon.[5]
In 1867, he became one of the nine members of the "Société Japonaise du Jinglar" (a type of wine); a group that included Henri Fantin-Latour, Félix Bracquemond and Marc-Louis Solon. They would meet once a month in Sèvres for a dinner "à la Japonaise".
He married Pauline Croizette, a pastellist and miniaturist who had posed for his painting "The Lady in Gloves" in 1869.[6] They had three children. Their eldest daughter, Marie-Anne, married the playwright Georges Feydeau.
After 1870, he devoted himself almost entirely to portraits. His success allowed him to open a studio on the Boulevard du Montparnasse, where he also gave painting lessons. He was named a Knight in the Légion d'honneur in 1872; being promoted to Officer in 1878, Commander in 1889 and Grand Officer in 1900.[7]
In 1889 and 1900 he served on the juries at the Expositions Universelles. In 1890, he was one of the co-founders of the second Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts and he was elected a member of the Académie des Beaux-Arts in 1904. The following year, he was appointed Director of the French Academy in Rome, a position he held until 1913.[8]
He was a frequent visitor to the resort at Fréjus, where he owned a small villa. Following his death, the resort named a plaza and a beach after him.
Pupils
They include John Singer Sargent,[9] Ralph Wormeley Curtis, Jan Stanisławski (painter), Kenyon Cox[10] Theodore Robinson,[11] Mariquita Jenny Moberly.[12] Mariette Leslie Cotton,[13] Maximilien Luce, James Carroll Beckwith, Will Hicok Low, Mary Fairchild MacMonnies Low, Paul Helleu, Alexandre Jean Baptiste Brun,[14] Robert Alan Mowbray Stevenson, Lucy Lee-Robbins,[15] Ramón Casas i Carbó, Ernest Ange Duez and James Cadenhead[16] Of his twenty-five most notable students, the majority were British or American.
Selected works
-
Madame Henry Fouquier
(1876) -
Édouard Manet (1880) -
-
Natalie Clifford Barney
at age ten (ca. 1886–1887) -
The Artist's Daughter,
Marie-Anne (1874) -
Marie-Anne as Madame Feydeau (1897) -
Georges Feydeau
(ca. 1900) -
Portrait of Emily Warren Roebling (ca. 1896), Brooklyn Museum -
Merrymakers
(1870) -
Le Baiser (The Kiss)
(1868) Self-portrait with his wife as newlyweds. -
Mademoiselle de Lancey -
Equestrian Portrait of Mademoiselle Croizette (1873) -
The Poet with the Mandolin (1887) -
Maria Pia of Savoy (1883)
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References
- ^ Chisholm 1911.
- ^ Oment.com
- ^ Britannica Kids
- ^ (in Spanish)Museo del Prado
- ^ Un artiste à réévaluer : Carolus-Duran @ "Art Nouveau et Jugendstil. Courants artistiques et littéraires de 1880 à 1920", April 2012
- ^ Musée d'Orsay
- ^ Art Hermitage
- ^ Smithonian American Art Museum
- ^ Trevor Fairbrother, John Singer Sargent, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994, p. 13, ISBN 0-8109-3833-2
- ^ Ann Lee Morgan, The Oxford Dictionary of American Art and Artists
- ^ "Biography: Theodore Robinson, 1852–1896". National Gallery of Art (Washington, D.C.). Retrieved October 23, 2013.
- ^ "Best Friends". Leighton Fine Art. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 13 May 2013.
- ^ Florence Nightingale Levy (1910). American Art Directory. R.R. Bowker. p. 112.
- ^ "Inventaire du fonds français après 1800". Archived from the original on 2016-11-16.
- ^ "Lee Robbins, Lucy". Oxford index. Oxford University Press. 31 October 2011. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
- ^ Mowat, Alison (Ed.) (2013), James Cadenhead RSA RSW 1858 - 1927: His Letters Home as a Young Man, Alison Mowat, pp. 98 - 100
- Attribution
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 381.
External links
- Paintings of Carolus-Duran on Insecula
- Works by Carolus-Duran at Project Gutenberg
- Carolus-Duran in American public collections, on the French Sculpture Census website
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Artists | |
| People | |
| Other | |
- 1837 births
- 1917 deaths
- People from Lille
- 19th-century French painters
- French male painters
- 20th-century French painters
- 20th-century male artists
- French portrait painters
- Members of the Académie des beaux-arts
- Members of the Ligue de la patrie française
- Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur
- 19th-century male artists