Albert Guérisse
Major-General Comte Albert-Marie Edmond Guérisse, GC, KBE, DSO (5 April 1911 – 26 March 1989) was a Belgian Resistance member who organized escape routes for downed Allied pilots during World War II under the alias of Patrick Albert "Pat" O'Leary, the name of a Canadian friend. His escape line was dubbed the Pat Line.
Biography
He was born in Brussels, where he studied medicine in Université Libre de Belgique before he joined the Belgian army. At the outbreak of War, Guérisse enlisted as a Medecin-Capitaine in a Belgian cavalry regiment. After Belgium was forced to surrender, he escaped to Britain through Dunkirk and enlisted in the Royal Navy. He joined the crew of a French ship, the HMS Fidelity.
On 25 April 1941, during a mission to place SOE agents in Collioure, on Roussillon coast in southern France, Guerisse was in the skiff on its way back to the ship when it turned over and he had to swim ashore. To the Vichy French coast guards, Guérisse claimed he was a Canadian airman named Pat O'Leary and he was taken to St. Hippolyte du Fort near Nimes. There, he met British officers and SOE operative Ian Garrow got him released then and took him to Marseille. Guérisse and such others as Nancy Wake proceeded to help Garrow run his escape network and continued to use the O'Leary moniker.
When Vichy France authorities captured Garrow in October 1941, Guérisse took over. He smuggled a German uniform to Garrow in his cell in Mauzac concentration camp and Garrow used it to escape on 6 December 1941. The British demanded that Garrow should be returned to London. Guérisse continued his work, expanding the escape line's operations. The line carried over 600 escapees to Spain and back to Britain.
In January 1943, the escape line was infiltrated and betrayed by French turncoat Roger le Neveu and Guérisse was arrested in Toulouse in March. He managed to get one of the younger members, Fabien de Cortes, to flee the train when they were transported to prison to warn the British. After his arrest the line was taken over by Marie Dissard. Guérisse told nothing to the Gestapo interrogators when he was tortured and then was sent to a series of concentration camps.
In the summer of 1944, he was at the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp in Alsace with SOE agent Brian Stonehouse. At the camp he witnessed the arrival of four other female SOE agents, Andrée Borrel, Vera Leigh, Diana Rowden, and Sonya Olschanezky, who were all executed and disposed of in the crematorium in an attempt to make them disappear without a trace. After the war, Guérisse and Stonehouse were able to testify at the Nazi war crimes trials as to the women's fate.
Finally, Guérisse was taken to the Dachau concentration camp, tortured again and then sentenced to death. However, when SS guards surrendered before the Allied advance, "O'Leary" took command and refused to leave before Allies agreed to take care of the inmates.
After the War, Guérisse took back his own name and rejoined the Belgian army. In 1946, he received a George Cross. In 1947, he married Sylvia Cooper-Smith, who predeceased him; they had one son. He served in the Korean War where he was wounded trying to rescue a wounded soldier.
He received 35 decorations from various countries, including honorary knighthood (KBE) and title of a Belgian count (1986). He became the head of the medical service of the Belgian army and retired in 1970 with the rank of major general.
Albert Guérisse died in Waterloo, Belgium on 26 March 1989, aged 77.