Amaranthus cruentus
| Amaranthus cruentus | |
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| Amaranthus cruentus | |
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| Species: | A. cruentus
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| Binomial name | |
| Amaranthus cruentus | |
Amaranthus cruentus is a flowering plant species that yields the nutritious staple amaranth grain. It is one of three Amaranthus species cultivated as a grain source, the other two being Amaranthus hypochondriacus and Amaranthus caudatus. In Mexico, it is called huautli and alegría and in English it has several common names, including blood amaranth, red amaranth, purple amaranth,[1] prince's feather and Mexican grain amaranth. In Maharashtra, it is called as shravani maath ("श्रावणी माठ") or rajgira ("राजगिरा").
Description
Amaranthus cruentus is a tall annual herb topped with clusters of dark pink flowers. The plant can grow up to 2 m (6 ft) in height, and blooms in summer to fall. It is believed to have originated from Amaranthus hybridus, with which it shares many morphological features. The plant is usually green in color, but a purple variant was once grown for use in Inca rituals.
Uses
This species was in use as a food source in Central America as early as 4000 BC. The seeds are eaten as a cereal grain. They are black in the wild plant, and white in the domesticated form. They are ground into flour, popped like popcorn, cooked into a porridge, and made into a confectionery called alegría. The leaves can be cooked like spinach, and the seeds can be germinated into nutritious sprouts. While A. cruentus is no longer a staple food in Central America, it is still grown and sold as a health food.
It is an important crop for subsistence farmers in Africa.[2]
In Maharashtra, during month of Shravan, a stir-fried vegetable with just grated coconut is served during festivals. The stem is used in curry made with vaal hyacinth bean.
Among the Zuni people, the feathery part of plant ground into a fine meal and used to color ceremonial bread red.[3] The crushed leaves and blossoms are also moistened and rubbed on cheeks as rouge.[4]
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Amaranthus cruentus 'Oeschberg' foliage -
Amaranthus cruentus 'Oeschberg' flowerhead -
Amaranthus cruentus 'Foxtail' flower closeup
References
- ^ "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-02-25. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
- ^ Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (2004) Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen; Backhuys, Leiden; CTA, Wageningen.
- ^ Stevenson, Matilda Coxe 1915 Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians. SI-BAE Annual Report #30 p.87
- ^ Stevenson, p.83
External links
- USDA profile Amaranthus cruentus
- Edible plants info page
- Jepson Manual treatment
- Taxonomic, Scientific, and Distribution Information
- Van Wyk, Ben-Erik (2005). Food Plants of the World. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press, Inc. ISBN 0-88192-743-0
- "Amaranthus cruentus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved September 25, 2006.
- PROTAbase on Amaranthus cruentus