Antonio del Pollaiuolo

Antonio del Pollaiuolo
Antonio del Pollaiuolo
Born	c. 17 January 1429 or 1433 Florence
Died	4 February 1498 Rome
Known for	Sculpture, engraving, goldsmithing
Notable work	Battle of the Nudes

Antonio del Pollaiuolo (17 January 1429/1433 – 4 February 1498), also known as Antonio di Jacopo Pollaiuolo or Antonio Pollaiuolo, was an Italian painter, sculptor, engraver and goldsmith during the Italian Renaissance.

Biography

Tobias and the Angel, Antonio del Pollaiolo

He was born in Florence. His brother, Piero, was also an artist, and the two frequently worked together. Their work shows both classical influences and an interest in human anatomy; reportedly, the brothers carried out dissections to improve their knowledge of the subject. They took their nickname from the trade of their father, who in fact sold poultry (pollaio meaning "hen coop" in Italian). Antonio's first studies of goldsmithing and metalworking were under either his father or Andrea del Castagno: the latter probably taught him also in painting. Other sources relate that he worked in the Florence workshop of Bartoluccio di Michele, where Lorenzo Ghiberti also received his training. During this time, he also took an interest in engraving.

Some of Pollaiuolo's painting exhibits strong brutality, of which the characteristics can be studied in the Saint Sebastian, painted in 1473-1475 for the Pucci Chapel of the SS. Annunziata of Florence. However, in contrast, his female portraits exhibit a calmness and a meticulous attention to detail of fashion, as was the norm in late 15th century portraiture.

He achieved his greatest successes as a sculptor and metal-worker. The exact ascription of his works is doubtful, as his brother Piero did much in collaboration with him.

He only produced one surviving engraving, the Battle of the Nude Men, but both in its size and sophistication this took the Italian print to new levels, and remains one of the most famous prints of the Renaissance.

In 1484 Antonio took up his residence in Rome, where he executed the tomb of Pope Sixtus IV, now in the Museum of St. Peter's (finished in 1493), a composition in which he again manifested the quality of exaggeration in the anatomical features of the figures. In 1496 he went to Florence in order to put the finishing touches to the work already begun in the sacristy of Santo Spirito. He died in Rome as a rich man, having just finished his mausoleum of Pope Innocent VIII, also in St. Peter's, and was buried in the church of San Pietro in Vincoli, where a monument was raised to him near that of his brother.

His main contribution to Florentine painting lay in his analysis of the human body in movement or under conditions of strain, but he is also important for his pioneering interest in landscape. His students included Sandro Botticelli.

Major works

• 
  Hercules and Antaeus
• 
  Hercules and the Hydra
• 
  Assunzione di Santa Maria Maddalena
• 
  Apollo and Daphne
• 
  Profile of a Woman

Paintings

• Altarpiece for the Chapel of the Cardinal of Portugal (1467) - Fresco, San Miniato al Monte, Florence
• Portrait of a Young Woman (c. 1465) - Poplar panel, 52,5 x 36,2 cm, Staatliche Museen, Berlin
• The Saints Vincent, James and Eustace (1468) - Tempera on wood, 172 x 179 cm, Uffizi, Florence
• Apollo and Daphne (1470–1480) - Tempera on wood, 30 x 20 cm, National Gallery, London
• Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian (1473–1475) - Panel, 292 x 223 cm, National Gallery, London
• Portrait of a Young Woman (c. 1475) - Tempera on wood,la sdfb 55 x 34 cm, Uffizi, Florence
• Hercules and the Hydra (c. 1475) - Tempera on wood, 17 x 12 cm, Uffizi, Florence
• Hercules and Antaeus (c. 1478)- Tempera on wood, 16 x 9 cm, Uffizi, Florence
• Portrait of a Girl - Panel, Museo Poldi Pezzoli, Milan
• Hercules and Deianira - Oil on Canvas, Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven

• 
  Hercules and Antaeus
• 
  The sculpture of Warrior
• 
  Hercules
• 
  Tomb of Pope Innocent VIII, Pollaiuolo's second papal tomb
• 
  Hercules
• 
  Depiction of a young woman

Sculptures

• St Christopher and the Infant Christ (Pollaiolo) - Metropolitan Museum, New York
• Hercules (1475) - Bode Museum, Berlin

Engraving

• Battle of the Nudes (1470s?) - Engraving, 42,8 x 61,8 cm.

References

• This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
• Giorgio Vasari includes a biography of Pollaiuolo in his Lives of the Artists.

External links

• Leonardo da Vinci, Master Draftsman, exhibition catalog fully online as PDF from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which contains material on Antonio del Pollaiolo (see index)
• The Gubbio Studiolo and its conservation, volumes 1 & 2, from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Antonio del Pollaiolo (see index)